testosterone replacement

Should your Guy be Taking Testosterone

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Testosterone prescriptions for men have increased almost 4-fold over the last decade. It’s marketed to treat everything from low libido, depression and middle-aged weight gain to improved cardiovascular health. Is it safe? Does it work? Should your guy be taking testosterone?  Here is the research.

Testosterone Treatment

Trials in older men with low testosterone levels have shown beneficial effects, such as increased strength, muscle mass, bone mineral density, insulin sensitivity, and libido. However, in elderly men, the treatment effects were short-lived (<6 months).

An observational study of over a 1000 male veterans aged >40 years compared mortality rates between those treated with testosterone and a group of controls with low testosterone. The treatment group showed almost half the rate of mortality, all causes, and lived longer compared to the control group.  Other research shows that testosterone replacement lowers HDL levels but only in younger men taking supra-physiological doses (anabolic steroids).

In contrast, a recent research trial with frail, elderly men (>65 years of age) was stopped early due to a greater occurrence of cardiovascular-related events in testosterone treated men.

Conclusion: The Jury is Still Out

Although some testosterone treatment trials report positive results, there is ongoing concern about the risk of incident prostate cancer or prostate cancer mortality because studies have not been large enough or long enough to address this. The report of adverse cardiovascular events associated with treatment highlights the need for further data on the risks and benefits of testosterone treatment in older men, particularly given the large numbers of older men who are prescribed testosterone. And data supporting the libido boost is still out with only some studies reporting benefits.  Should your guy be taking testosterone- the jury is still out.

 

What’s Up With All the Testosterone Ads?

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Once upon a time, our understanding of the role that testosterone played in men’s (and women’s health) was restricted almost entirely to sexual differentiation, male sexual behavior, big muscles and aggression.  Certainly, everyone is aware of the steroid doping scandals that have plagued professional and amateur sports for the last two decades. To the general public and to much of the medical profession, testosterone was dangerous (and in large amounts, it certainly can be). But now, the tides are changing and testosterone gels are being marketed aggressively to the average Joe who just wants to reclaim his masculinity. Combine the marketing for testosterone with Viagra and Cialis ads, and it becomes clear that male sexual functioning is all the rage these days. Hardly a day goes by that I don’t see an ad for one of the many testosterone replacement products.

Why is testosterone so popular?

It turns out that testosterone, like other steroid hormones, perform a complex set of functions related to health; ranging from cardiovascular and metabolic regulation, to cerebrovascular and neurotransmitter modulation. Despite the marketing (more testosterone equals better sex drive and a better physique), sex hormones are not just about sex or big muscles.

It turns out that low testosterone is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, increased insulin resistance and depressed mood. In vets, low testosterone is associated with an increased risk of PTSD, metabolic syndrome and mortality from any cause. While researchers and functional medical specialists have understood the importance of steroid hormones for years (all the way back to Hans Selye), this knowledge has been slow to transfer into mainstream clinical health; that is, until it could be commercialized into libido enhancer.

When testosterone concentrations wane as men age, the risk for many of the diseases of aging increase (cardiovascular disease, stroke, etc). Much like the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prescribed for female menopause, pharmaceutical companies are hoping that testosterone replacement eases the symptoms of andropause (low libido, depression, weight gain) and reduces the risk for cardiovascular and other disease processes. Though it is too early to tell if testosterone replacement will follow the same over-marketing that HRT did. (HRT was first marketed to enhance libido and general health, then gradually became the panacea for all diseases of aging. The over-reach was not supported by science and subsequently was followed by billions in lawsuits. A gradual retraction of uses and re-positioning as simply a medication to be taken as briefly as possible to help with hot flashes is now marketed). What is clear, is that the role of hormones in health is becoming more mainstream. For that, we thank the gods of waning male virility.

For more on the role of testosterone in health:

Testosterone: What it Does and Doesn’t Do

Andropause

Andropause: A British Perspective

Male Menopause

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