fluoroquinolones - Page 2

Dear Epidemiologists, Consider Fluoroquinolones

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Dear Epidemiologists,

I am writing to encourage you to study the long-term and intergenerational adverse-effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (Cipro, Levaquin, Avelox, Floxin, and their generic counterparts). It has been noted by both patient groups and the FDA that fluoroquinolones have long-term adverse-effects, yet many patients and physicians are caught off-guard when fluoroquinolone toxicity symptoms are not transient. Fluoroquinolone toxicity symptoms are similar to those of many multi-symptom, chronic, mysterious diseases of modernity, and epidemiological studies are needed in order to determine if the similar symptoms are coincidental, or if they are indicative of a causal relationship between fluoroquinolone use and many of the diseases that fluoroquinolone toxicity resembles.

The Acknowledged Adverse-effects

The musculoskeletal adverse effects of fluoroquinolones are well-known, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics even carry a black box warning noting that they increase the risk of tendon ruptures. Studies have shown that fluoroquinolones also increase the risk of retinal detachment, and a recent (2015) article in JAMA Internal Medicine noted that the risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection is increased with fluoroquinolone use. All these adverse effects point to fluoroquinolones causing collagen synthesis disorders and/or collagen toxicity.

The 2015 BMJ Open article, “Fluoroquinolones and collagen associated severe adverse events: a longitudinal cohort study” goes over the increased risk of tendon ruptures, retinal detachment and aortic aneurysm and dissection in those given fluoroquinolones. The authors conclude that:

“Current fluoroquinolone use was associated with an increased hazard of tendon rupture (HR 3.13, 95% CI 2.98 to 3.28), and increased hazard of aortic aneurysms (HR 2.72, 95% CI 2.53 to 2.93). The relative hazard of these two collagen-associated adverse events were slightly attenuated after multivariate adjustment, but remained clinically meaningful and statistically significant (table 2). The relative hazard of retinal detachment was modest in magnitude, and only statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (table 2). The magnitude of the association of fluoroquinolones and aortic aneurysm events was stronger than the association observed with other aneurysm risk factors such as hypertension and atherosclerosis (table 3).”

Longer-Term Studies are Needed

Fluoroquinolones and collagen associated severe adverse events: a longitudinal cohort study” is an excellent study, and I commend the authors for their work. However, a couple of drawbacks of it are that the authors only look at patients who are over the age of 65, and the time-period examined is only 30-days post-exposure, though many fluoroquinolone toxicity patients are under the age of 65, and many experience adverse effects months, or even years, after exposure to the fluoroquinolone.

It would be helpful for both patients and physicians if similar studies were conducted looking at the long-term health outcomes for people of various ages after exposure to fluoroquinolones.

Collagen-synthesis Problems and CNS Symptoms

The relationship between other diseases that have to do with disordered collagen synthesis and fluoroquinolone use should also be examined. For example, fluoroquinolone adverse-effects include many central nervous system symptoms, including convulsions, toxic psychosis, suicidal ideation, dizziness, confusion, tremors, hallucinations, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and many other psychiatric symptoms. It is possible that the collagen in the central nervous system is adversely affected by fluoroquinolones, and that fluoroquinolone use is associated with the rise in psychiatric illnesses in the population. It is a hypothesis that should be explored.

Fluoroquinolones and Multi-symptom, Chronic Illnesses

Many patients who have adverse reactions to fluoroquinolones suffer from multi-symptom, often chronic, illness. Fluoroquinolone toxicity has symptoms that are similar to those of autoimmune diseases (including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and M.S.), neurodegenerative diseases (including ALS and Parkinson’s), and mysterious diseases like fibromyalgia and M.E./chronic fatigue syndrome, and the symptoms often overlap with those of chronic Lyme disease. (Some patient stories that go over the symptoms of fluoroquinolone toxicity can be found on www.fqwallofpain.com). It would be helpful if some epidemiological studies were done to see if fluoroquinolone exposure predisposes people to a diagnosis of an autoimmune, neurodegenerative or other mysterious diseases.

Those who have experienced fluoroquinolone toxicity see the connections between fluoroquinolones and those diseases—because we went from being healthy to suddenly being sick with symptoms of multiple chronic diseases shortly after taking a fluoroquinolone—but our experiences are only anecdotal unless studies confirm our assertions. Epidemiological studies to determine whether or not there is a connection between fluoroquinolone use and autoimmune, neurodegenerative and mysterious diseases would be immensely helpful in showing whether the relationship is causal or anecdotal.

Fluoroquinolones and Diabetes, Heart-disease, and Autism

Fluoroquinolones have been shown to cause dysglycemia and use of fluoroquinolones is correlated with type-2 diabetes. Diabetes is a growing problem that is causing pain and suffering to millions of people worldwide. If even a small percentage of diabetes cases could be prevented through more prudent use of fluoroquinolones, much pain and suffering could be alleviated. Quantifying the relationship between fluoroquinolone use and diabetes via an epidemiological study would be immensely useful.

Given that fluoroquinolones have been shown to increase incidence of aortic dissection and aneurysm, it would be interesting to see if they are associated with heart-disease more generally.

It was noted in the 2013 article in Nature, “Topoisomerases facilitate transcription of long genes linked to autism” that, “chemicals or genetic mutations that impair topoisomerases, and possibly other components of the transcription elongation machinery that interface with topoisomerases, have the potential to profoundly affect expression of long ASD (autism spectrum disorder) candidate genes.” Since fluoroquinolone antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed topoisomerase interrupting drugs, it is worthwhile to look into whether or not they are related (intergenerationally, most likely) to autism.

Longer-Term Studies are Needed

It has been known for many decades that fluoroquinolones have serious and severe adverse-effects, yet very few studies of the long-term effects of fluoroquinolones have been conducted. Fluoroquinolone affected patients have been noting that they have experienced fluoroquinolone toxicity symptoms months, or even years, after administration of the drugs has ceased, and even the FDA has noted that fluoroquinolone associated disability (FQAD) is a consequence of fluoroquinolone use. However, fluoroquinolone studies have primarily concentrated on adverse-effects that occur while the drug is being administered. Long-term, and even intergenerational, epidemiological studies will enlighten us to the true consequences of fluoroquinolones.

Many Questions to Study

How much does fluoroquinolone use increase a person’s risk of getting an autoimmune disease? How much more likely is a person to become diabetic if they use a fluoroquinolone to treat a sinus infection? How much more likely is a person to need a pain medication like Lyrica if they have been prescribed a fluoroquinolone in the past? Are thyroid diseases more common in those who have taken fluoroquinolones than in those who haven’t? Are psychiatric illnesses more common in those who have taken fluoroquinolones? Are people more likely to suffer from heart-disease if they have taken a fluoroquinolone? Are there any intergenerational effects of fluoroquinolones, and, if so, how are they manifesting?

These are all reasonable questions to ask, given the long list of adverse-effects caused by fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

Patients have been screaming about the connections between many of the diseases of modernity and the symptoms of fluoroquinolone toxicity for years, but our screams will only be heard if there is data to back them up. Studies need to be done to get necessary information, so I encourage all scientists who have the access to data and expertise needed, to study fluoroquinolones. People are being hurt by these drugs. Information, data, science and a bit of enlightenment, will help to encourage more prudent and appropriate use of fluoroquinolones, so that the pain caused by them can be minimized.

To all the scientists who have studied fluoroquinolones—your work is appreciated and I hope that it is built upon. Thank you in advance to all those who look further into fluoroquinolone adverse reactions. Your work will be greatly appreciated as well.

Regards,
Lisa Bloomquist
Patient advocate and founder of Floxiehope.com

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This letter was published previously on Hormones Matter in December 2015.

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics Associated With Nervous System Damage

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The labels for fluoroquinolone antibiotics, Cipro, Levaquin, Avelox, etc. have two black box warnings, warnings reserved for only the most serious and severe adverse effects of drugs:

Fluoroquinolones are associated with an increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages. This risk is further increased in older patients usually over 60 years of age, in patients taking corticosteroid drugs, and in patients with kidney, heart or lung transplants.

Fluoroquinolones may exacerbate muscle weakness with myasthenia gravis.  Avoid fluoroquinolones in patients with a known history of myasthenia gravis.

It is later noted that death can result from administration of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in people with myasthenia gravis, hence the warning that these drugs should be avoided in that population.

Central and Peripheral Nervous System Damage

In addition to the black box warnings, there is a 212 word warning of the adverse effects of these drugs on the central nervous system including, “dizziness, confusion, tremors, hallucinations, depression, and, rarely, psychotic reactions have progressed to suicidal ideations/thoughts and self-injurious behavior such as attempted or completed suicide” and seizures.

On August 15, 2013, the FDA announced that they were changing the warning labels for fluoroquinolones to more adequately describe the risk of permanent peripheral neuropathy.  The new warning labels will now note that peripheral neuropathy symptoms including “pain, burning, tingling, numbness, weakness, or a change in sensation to light touch, pain or temperature, or the sense of body position” can be caused by fluoroquinolones. They also note that peripheral neuropathy “can occur at any time during treatment with fluoroquinolones and can last for months to years after the drug is stopped or be permanent.”

Label Changes Based on Patient Reports

Also noted in the August 15th announcement was that the FDA was adding the warning of permanent peripheral neuropathy based on patient reports to their Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database. They note that, “the recent AERS review evaluated cases of fluoroquinolone-associated peripheral neuropathy with an outcome of ‘disability,’ reported between January 1, 2003 and August 1, 2012. The review showed a continued association between fluoroquinolones use and disabling peripheral neuropathy.”

Cipro was patented in 1983.  It took 30 years of people reporting their peripheral neuropathy to the FDA for them to add an appropriate warning to the label.

Additional Warning – Autonomic Nervous System Damage

Since the FDA is slow on the uptake of vital information that should be listed on the warning labels of drugs, I will let you know that, in addition to the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, the autonomic nervous system is also damaged by fluoroquinolone antibiotics. The autonomic nervous system, also known as the involuntary nervous system, is composed of the nerves that control heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, pupil dilation, urination and sexual arousal.  Damage to all of these body parts, controlled by the autonomic nervous system, are associated with fluoroquinolones.

How do I know this?  In addition to the patient led research and patient descriptions of autonomic system damage, I know this by personal experience. Every one of those autonomic functions was negatively affected when I had a severe adverse reaction to Cipro that began December of 2011.

Though we don’t yet have scientific proof, as no studies have been published, I have personally heard from hundreds of patients experiencing similar symptoms. Since it took 30 years for the FDA to recognize the peripheral neuropathy, I wouldn’t be too keen to disregard the possibility that the autonomic systems is also affected.

Why hasn’t the FDA investigated autonomic neuropathy potentially associated with the fluoroquinolones?  Perhaps because the malfunctions of the autonomic nervous system are very difficult to describe and detect and, though they are common among those who are suffering from Fluoroquinolone Toxicity Syndrome, they may not have risen to the top of the list of complaints in the AERS database.  However, seeing as damage to the autonomic nervous system is serious and potentially life-threatening, the FDA should connect the dots and add an additional warning of autonomic nervous system damage to fluoroquinolone labels.

Overall Nerve Damage

Since multiple nervous systems are damaged by fluoroquinolones, it leads me to believe that fluoroquinolones damage nerves generally.  Some early theories suggest that the fluoroquinolones induce the axons of nerves to degenerate and damage the myelin sheath protecting the nerves. Though I have several theories as to the damage mechanism for fluoroquinolones, anything conclusive other than reporting on what I experienced and have seen, is beyond my level of expertise. I do know that symptoms of nervous system damage are suffered from by the victims of fluoroquinolones and that they suffer mightily, sometimes permanently.

The possibility of fluoroquinolone toxicity is serious. With 26.9 million prescriptions for fluoroquinolone antibiotics dispensed in 2011 alone and the rate of fluoroquinolone induced peripheral neuropathy suspected at 1 per 6000, the number of potentially injured people is staggering. Worse yet, a 2011 study published in BioMed Central, found that 39% of fluoroquinolone therapy in hospital patients was unnecessary. Who knows what the rate of unnecessary fluoroquinolone use is in the general population.

Fluoroquinolones are dangerous antibiotics that are often used to treat sinus infections, urinary tract infections, upper respiratory infections, prostate infections, etc., infections that could be treated with a safer antibiotics. It is absurd and wrong for people to suffer from chronic and often debilitating nerve damage and other health conditions as a result of a prescription antibiotic, especially when other, safer alternatives can be used.

Information about Fluoroquinolone Toxicity

Information about the author, and adverse reactions to fluoroquinolone antibiotics (Cipro/ciprofloxacin, Levaquin/levofloxacin, Avelox/moxifloxacin and Floxin/ofloxacin) can be found on www.floxiehope.com.

Image by brgfx on Freepik.

This post was published previously on Hormones Matter in 2013.

Hormones Matter Top 100 Articles of 2015

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Happy New Year, everyone. We have another remarkable year under our belts. Hormones Matter continues to grow month after month. This year, despite the site being down for a month in September, we had over 815,000 visitors, most staying quite a while to read our articles.

Since inception, we’ve published close to 900 articles, many are read by thousands of readers every month. The hysterectomy and endometriosis articles continue to draw large crowds, demonstrating the great need for information in these areas of women’s health.

Our success is thanks to a fantastic crew of volunteer writers who spend countless hours researching complex medical topics, making connections, identifying unconventional therapeutic opportunities, and bringing to light, what are often, invisible illnesses. Without these incredibly talented and compassionate individuals, Hormones Matter would not exist.

Before we begin the new year in earnest, let us take a moment to thank all of the writers of Hormones Matter.

Thank You Hormones Matter Writers!

 

Below are the articles and authors who made the top 100 list for 2015. If you haven’t read these articles, it’s time to do so. If you like them, share them and share our site so we can continue to grow. If you were helped by any of our articles, take a moment and send the writer a thank you note.

This year, we thought we’d do something a little different and include the 25 all-time favorite articles on Hormones Matter. Be sure to scroll down to the second table and take a look. The numbers are quite impressive.

Since we are run by volunteers and unfunded, feel free contribute a few dollars to cover the costs of maintaining operations. Crowdfund Hormones Matter. Every dollar helps.

If you’d like to share your health story or join our team of writers: Write for Us.

Hormones Matter Top 100 Articles of 2015

Article Title and Author

Reads

1. Post Hysterectomy Skeletal and Anatomical Changes -WS 50,814
2. Sex in a Bottle: the Latest Drugs for Female Sexual Desire – Chandler Marrs 47,910
3. Sexual Function after Hysterectomy – WS 28,898
4. In the ER Again – Heavy Menstrual Bleeding -Lisbeth Prifogle 25,326
5. Endometrial Ablation – Hysterectomy Alternative or Trap? -WS 25,048
7.  Adhesions: Cause, Consequence and Collateral Damage – David Wiseman 22, 868
8. Is Sciatic Endometriosis Possible? – Center for Endometriosis Care 11,701
9. Endometriosis: A Husband’s Perspective – Jeremy Bridge Cook 11,626
10. A Connection between Hypothyroidism and PCOS – Sergei Avdiushko 11,024
11. Often Injured, Rarely Treated: Tailbone Misalignment – Leslie Wakefield 10,580
12. Hysterectomy: Impact on Pelvic Floor and Organ Function – WS 8,494
13. Pill Bleeds are not Periods – Lara Briden 8,440
14. Silent Death – Serotonin Syndrome – Angela Stanton 8,408
15.  An Often Overlooked Cause of Fatigue: Low Ferritin – Philippa Bridge-Cook 8,374
16. Wide Awake: A Hysterectomy Story – Robin Karr 7,733
17. How Hair Loss Changed My Life – Suki Eleuterio
18. The High Cost of Endometriosis – Philippa Bridge-Cook 7,170
19. Skin Disorders post Gardasil – Chandler Marrs 6,891
20. Essure Sterilization: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly – Margaret Aranda 6,820
21. Love Hurts – Sex with Endometriosis – Rachel Cohen 6,779
22. Dehydration and Salt Deficiency Migraines – Angela Stanton 6,638
23.  Adverse Reactions, Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Gait, Balance and Tremors – Chandler Marrs 6,445
24.  Stop the Metformin Madness – Chandler Marrs 6,400
25. Lupron, Estradiol and the Mitochondria: A Pathway to Adverse Reactions – Chandler Marrs 6,110
26. Endometriosis after Hysterectomy – Rosemary Finnegan 6,093
27. The Reality of Endometriosis in the ER – Rachel Cohen 5,962
28. Mittelschmerz – what should you know – Sergei Avdiushko 5,780
29.  Red Raspberry Leaf Tea to Relieve Menstrual Pain – Lisbeth Prifogle 5,586
30. Mommy Brain: Pregnancy and Postpartum Memory Deficits – Chandler Marrs 5,437
31. Parasites: A Possible Cause of Endometriosis, PCOS, and Other Chronic, Degenerative Illnesses – Dorothy Harpley-Garcia 5,414
32.  Endometriosis and Risk of Suicide – Philippa Bridge-Cook 5,413
33.  Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics and Thyroid Problems: Is there a Connection? – JMR 5, 228
34. Adenomyosis – Philippa Bridge-Cook 5,022
35.  Gardasil: The Controversy Continues – Lisbeth Prifogle 4,809
36.  Hyperemesis Gravidarum – Severe Morning Sickness: Are Mitochondria Involved? – Chandler Marrs 4,801
37.  Oral Contraceptives, Epigenetics, and Autism – Kim Elizabeth Strifert 4,452
38.  High Blood Pressure in Women: Could Progesterone be to Blame? – Chandler Marrs 4,446
39. My Battle with Endometriosis: Hysterectomy at 23 – Samantha Bowick 4,288
40. Thiamine Deficiency Testing: Understanding the Labs – Derrick Lonsdale 4,045
41. My Battle with Endometriosis and Migraines – Angela Kawakami 3,839
42. Tampons with Glyphosate: Underpinnings of Modern Period Problems? – Chandler Marrs 3,835
43. Cipro, Levaquin and Avelox are Chemo Drugs – Lisa Bloomquist 3,792
44. Hysterectomy or Not – Angela’s Endometriosis Update – Angela Kawakami 3,750
45. Warning to Floxies: Beware of New Med for Psoriatic Arthritis – Debra Anderson 3,691
46.  DES – The Drug to Prevent Miscarriage Ruins Lives of Millions – DES Daughter 3,655
47.   Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction (SOD) – Brooke Keefer 3,540
48. Progesterone for Peripheral Neuropathy – Chandler Marrs 3,278
49. The Fluoroquinolone Time Bomb – Answers in the Mitochondria – Lisa Bloomquist 3,251
50. Why is PCOS so Common? – Lara Briden 3,211
51.  Pregnancy Toes – What Sugar does to Feet – Angela Stanton 2,971
52.  Five Half-truths of Hormonal Contraceptives – The Pill, Patch and Ring – Joe Malone 2,834
53.  Five Years After Gardasil – Ashley Adair 2,831
54. Bleeding Disorders Overlooked in Women with Heavy Periods – Philippa Bridge Cook 2,826
55.  Is Gardasil Mandated in Your State? – Lisbeth Prifogle 2,814
56.  Is Prenatal Dexamethasone Safe: The Baby Makers’ Hubris – Chandler Marrs 2,808
57. Porn Brain – A Leading Cause of Erectile Dysfunction – Chandler Marrs 2,792
58. Lupron and Endometriosis – Jordan Davidson 2,752
59.  Endometriosis, Adhesions and Physical Therapy – Philippa Bridge-Cook 2,746
60.  Glabrata – A Deadly Post Fluoroquinolone Risk You’ve Never Heard About – Debra Anderson 2,703
61. Are You Vitamin B12 Deficient? – Chandler Marrs 2,635
62. Topamax: The Drug with 9 Lives – Angela Stanton 2,635
63.  Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – Philippa Bridge-Cook 2,622
64.  The Endo Diet: Part 1 – Kelsey Chin 2,614
65.  Endometriosis and Adhesions –  Angela Kawakami 2,544
66.  Thyroid Disease Plus Migraines – Nancy Bonk 2,530
67.  Is it Endometriosis? – Rosalie Miletich 2,414
68. Hysterectomy, Hormones, and Suicide – Robin Karr 2,412
69.  Why I am Backing the Sweetening the Pill Documentary – Laura Wershler 2,321
70.  I Wanted to Die Last Night: Endometriosis and Suicide – Rachel Cohen 2,271
71.  How Can Something As Simple As Thiamine Cause So Many Problems? – Derrick Lonsdale 2,456
72.  Thyroid Dysfunction with Medication or Vaccine Induced Demyelinating Diseases – Chandler Marrs 2,034
73. Angela’s Endometriosis Post Operative Update –  Angela Kawakami 2,017
74.  Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics Damage Mitochondria – FDA Does Little – Lisa Bloomquist 1,993
75.  Endometriosis and Pregnancy at a Glance – Center for Endometriosis Care 1,969
76.  Don’t Take Cipro, Levaquin or Avelox If…. – Lisa Bloomquist 1,960
77.  Gardasil Injured – Dollie Duckworth 1,898
78. Fear of Childbirth Prolongs Labor – Elena Perez 1,888
79. Fluoroquinolone Poisoning: A Tale from the Twilight Zone – Kristen Weber 1,883
80. Personal Story: Thyroid Cancer – Myrna Wooders 1,880
81. Recurrent Miscarriage – Philippa Bridge-Cook 1,873
82. Recovering from the Gardasil Vaccine: A Long and Complicated Process – Charlotte Nielsen 1,842
83. Pelvic Therapy for Endometriosis, Adhesions and Sexual Pain – Belinda Wurn 1,818
84. Hormones, Hysterectomy and the Hippocampus – Chandler Marrs 1,777
85. Why Fatigue Matters in Thyroid Disease – Chandler Marrs 1,718
86. How Do You Deal with the Lasting Effects of Endometriosis? – Samantha Bowick 1,697
87. Depression with Endometriosis – Samantha Bowick 1,678
88. Easing Endometriosis Pain and Inflammation with Nutrition –  Erin Luyendyk 1,648
89. Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis and Ovarian Teratomas – Chandler Marrs 1,634
90. Autoinflammatory Syndromes Induced by Adjuvants: A Case for PFAPA – Sarah Flynn 1,595
91. Endometriosis Awareness Month: A Wish Noted – Philippa Bridge-Cook 1,513
92. The Role of Androgens in Postmenopausal Women – Sergei Avdiushko 1,477
93. It Wasn’t by Choice: Dysautonomia – Margaret Aranda 1,454
94. Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics Associated with Nervous System Damage – Lisa Bloomquist 1,453
95.  Vitamin D3 and Thyroid Health – Susan Rex Ryan 1,439
96. Dealing with Doctors When You Have Undiagnosed Endometriosis -Angela Kawakami 1,439
97. Endometriosis and Being a Trans Person: Beyond Gendered Reproductive Health – Luke Fox 1,436
98. Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Research and Treatments – Philippa Bridge-Cook 1,430
99. Living with Ehlers Danlos is Hell – Debra Anderson 1,420
100. What is Fluoroquinolone Toxicity? – Lisa Bloomquist 1,415

Hormones Matter All-Time Top 25 Articles

Article Title and Author

Reads

1. Post Hysterectomy Skeletal and Anatomical Changes -WS 105,336
2. Sex in a Bottle: the Latest Drugs for Female Sexual Desire – Chandler Marrs 99,098
3. Endometrial Ablation – Hysterectomy Alternative or Trap? -WS 70,999
4. Adhesions: Cause, Consequence and Collateral Damage – David Wiseman 40,299
5. In the ER Again – Heavy Menstrual Bleeding -Lisbeth Prifogle 39,821
7.  Sexual Function after Hysterectomy – WS 35,188
8. A Connection between Hypothyroidism and PCOS – Sergei Avdiushko 31,193
9. Is Sciatic Endometriosis Possible? – Center for Endometriosis Care 24,691
10. Endometriosis: A Husband’s Perspective – Jeremy Bridge-Cook 23,251
11. Skin Disorders post Gardasil – Chandler Marrs 18,105
12.  Gardasil: The Controversy Continues – Lisbeth Prifogle 14,174
13.  Wide Awake: A Hysterectomy Story – Robin Karr 14,134
14.  Endometriosis and Risk of Suicide – Philippa Bridge-Cook 13,836
15.  Love Hurts – Sex with Endometriosis – Rachel Cohen 13,782
16. Endometriosis after Hysterectomy – Rosemary Finnegan 13,294
17. Hysterectomy: Impact on Pelvic Floor and Organ Function – WS 13,056
18.  Adverse Reactions, Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Gait, Balance and Tremors – Chandler Marrs 12,901
19.  How Hair Loss Changed My Life – Suki Eleuterio 12,835
20. Mittelschmerz – what should you know – Sergei Avdiushko 11,919
21.  Often Injured, Rarely Treated: Tailbone Misalignment – Leslie Wakefield 11,521
22.  An Often Overlooked Cause of Fatigue: Low Ferritin – Philippa Bridge-Cook 10,821
23.  Mommy Brain: Pregnancy and Postpartum Memory Deficits – Chandler Marrs 10,591
24. Adenomyosis – Philippa Bridge-Cook 10,249
25.  I Wanted to Die Last Night: Endometriosis and Suicide – Rachel Cohen 9,826

Fluoroquinolones 101 – Antibiotics to Avoid

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Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, Cipro, Levaquin, Avelox, etc. are broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat a variety of infections, from urinary tract infections to anthrax and everything in between.  The first quinolone created was Nalidixic Acid which was discovered by George Lesher in 1962.  (Nalidixic Acid was added to the OEHHA prop 65 list of carcinogens in 1998.) Cipro (ciprofloxacin) is a second generation fluoroquinolone patented in 1983 by Bayer, Levaquin (levofloxacin) is a third generation fluroquinolone  patented in 1987 by Ortho-McNeil-Janssen (a division of Johnson & Johnson), and Avelox (moxifloxacin) is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone patented in 1991 by Bayer.

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics – Still on the Market

Of the 30 quinolones that have made it to market since the 1980s, all but 6 have either been removed from the US market or have severely restricted use.

The fluoroquinolone antibiotics that are still on the market are some of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Per the FDA, “Approximately 23.1 million unique patients received a dispensed prescription for an oral fluoroquinolone product from outpatient retail pharmacies during 2011,” and “Within the hospital setting, there were approximately 3.8 million unique patients billed for an injectable fluoroquinolone product during 2011.”

When used properly, such as in cases of life-threatening hospital acquired pneumonia, fluroquinolone antibiotics can save lives.

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Side-Effects and Adverse Reactions

When used improperly, fluoroquinolone antibiotics can needlessly cause devastating side-effects.  Devastating side-effects can also occur when fluoroquinolone antibiotics are used properly, but the devastation can be justified by weighing it against the alternative – death.  In 2001, Dr. Jay S. Cohen published an article on the severe and often disabling reactions some people sustained  as a result of taking a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.  Dr. Cohen says,

“It is difficult to describe the severity of these reactions. They are devastating. Many of the people in my study were healthy before their reactions. Some were high intensity athletes. Suddenly they were disabled, in terrible pain, unable to work, walk, or sleep.”

Dr. Cohen’s study of 45 subjects suffering from Fluoroquinolone Toxicity Syndrome, a name that I’m pushing for, (without an official name, it is difficult get the word out) showed that they had the following symptoms:

  • Peripheral Nervous System: Tingling, numbness, prickling, burning pain, pins/needles sensation, electrical or shooting pain, skin crawling, sensation, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia, allodynia (sensitivity to touch) numbness, weakness, twitching, tremors, spasms.
  • Central Nervous System: Dizziness, malaise, weakness, impaired coordination, nightmares, insomnia, headaches, agitation, anxiety, panic attacks, disorientation, impaired concentration or memory, confusion, depersonalization, hallucinations, psychoses.
  • Musculoskeletal: Muscle pain, weakness, soreness, joint swelling, pain, tendon pain, ruptures.
  • Special Senses: Diminished or altered visual, olfactory, auditory functioning, tinnitus (ringing in the ears).
  • Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, shortness of breath, hypertension, palpitations, chest pain.
  • Skin: Rash, swelling, hair loss, sweating, intolerance to heat and\or cold.
  • Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain.

When a fluoroquinolone antibiotic triggers a toxic reaction in a person, multiple symptoms are often experienced. I experienced all of the symptoms that are italicized.

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Damage – Technical Aspects

Fluoroquinolones are eukaryotic DNA gyrase and topoisomerase inhibitors very similar to many antineoplastic agents (source).  What this means in plain English is that these drugs work the same way as chemotherapeutic drugs; they disrupt DNA and lead to destruction of cells.  A recent (2013) study conducted by a team of scientists at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Studies showed that Ciprofloxacin, along with a couple of other non-fluoroquinolone antibiotics, causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial malfunction. A 2011 study published in the Journal of Young Pharmacists found that, “There is significant and gradual elevation of lipid peroxide levels in patients on ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin.”  They also found that “There was substantial depletion in both SOD (superoxide dismutase, “a free radical scavenging enzyme”) and glutathione levels” and that “On the 5th day of treatment, plasma antioxidant status decreased by 77.6%, 50.5% (and) 7.56% for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin respectively.” The study also notes that administration of fluoroquinolones leads to a marked increase in the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and that “reactive free radicals overwhelms the antioxidant defence, lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane occurs. This causes disturbances in cell integrity leading to cell damage/death.”

How Many People are at Risk?

The exact rate of adverse reactions to fluoroquinolones is difficult to determine.  Studies of adverse reactions to fluoroquinolones have noted that, “During clinical trials, the overall frequencies of adverse effects associated with (fluoroquinolones) to vary between 4.4 and 20%.”  Just the fact that the spread is so large, a 15.6% spread in frequency of adverse reactions is a HUGE difference, implies that the actual occurrence of adverse reactions is difficult to establish or unknown.

With the FDA figures above noting that 26.9 million unique patients were given fluoroquinolones in 2011, if you just take the conservative adverse reaction figure of 4.4%, you’ll get a horrifying number of people with adverse reactions in 2011 alone – 1,183,600 people.  20% of 26.9 million is 5,380,000 people adversely effected.  That is scary.  Those numbers are truly frightening given the severity of the adverse effects described above.

Fluoroquinolone Toxicity Syndrome

I see fluoroquinolone toxicity everywhere, and even I think that those numbers are high for severe, disabling reactions like mine where multiple symptoms develop simultaneously.  Not everyone who has an adverse reaction to a fluoroquinolone has a reaction like mine, or even develops Fluoroquinolone Toxicity Syndrome – thank God.  Many people have milder reactions.  Milder symptoms include any one of the symptoms listed above as well as  diarrhea, vomiting, mild tendonitis, decreased energy, painless muscle twitches, memory loss, urgency of urination, or any number of reactions that the body may have to a massive depletion of antioxidants and increases in lipid peroxide levels and reactive oxygen species production.

Even though severe adverse reactions to fluoroquinolones antibiotics can be painful and disabling for years, many (possibly most, but certainly not all) people recover from Fluoroquinolone Toxicity Syndrome with time.  I anticipate that I will be fully recovered 2 years after my reaction started. Sadly, there are some people who don’t recover.  They suffer from chronic pain, disability, impaired cognitive abilities, etc. permanently.

It is absurd, to say the least, that an acute problem, an infection, that can easily be taken care of with administration of an antibiotic that is not a fluoroquinolone, is converted into a chronic problem, a  syndrome that can disable a person for years, by a prescription ANTIBIOTIC, used as prescribed. In my case, a urinary tract infection that could have likely been taken care of with macrobid or even cranberry juice and d-mannos, was treated with Cipro which left me unable to do many physical and mental tasks that I had previously been able to do with ease. It’s a crazy, absurd situation.  It’s absurd and it’s wrong.

Some Antibiotics are More Dangerous than Others

The bottom line is that these popularly prescribed antibiotics are dangerous drugs that have caused thousands of people to suffer with a myriad of maladies. Undeniably, they have their place, in treating life-threatening infections.  Unfortunately, they are not being reserved for use in life-threatening situations and people are being hurt after taking them for simple sinus, urinary tract, bronchial and prostate infections. A strict and rigorous protocol needs to be established to limit the damage that they cause; because it’s not right to maim and disable people to treat their sinus infections.

Information about Fluoroquinolone Toxicity

Information about the author, and adverse reactions to fluoroquinolone antibiotics (Cipro/ciprofloxacin, Levaquin/levofloxacin, Avelox/moxifloxacin and Floxin/ofloxacin) can be found on Lisa Bloomquist’s site, www.floxiehope.com.

This article was published previously in August 2013 and is being re-posted in light of the recent press coverage warning of fluoroquinolone dangers.

The Harmful Effects of Antibiotics on the Human Microbiome

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How many articles about the importance of the microbiome – and the relationship between microbiome health and chronic, devastating diseases – need to come out in order for the cognitive dissonance around antibiotic safety to stop?

People assume that all antibiotics are safe drugs, that they damage bacteria but leave people and animals unharmed.  People assume (soap commercials have conditioned us well) that bacteria are bad, that they are harmful and make us sick, and that human life is improved when they are killed.  Many also assume that all antibiotics are created equally and that the more powerful an antibiotic, the better.  Most people assume that there are no long-term consequences from taking antibiotics.

There is ample evidence that these assumptions are false, and that a microbiome that is disturbed by antibiotics makes people more anxious, intolerant of pain, and sick with a variety of diseases.

A disrupted microbiome has been connected with development of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), as shown in Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson’s Disease and clinical phenotype,” published in the journal Movement Disorder.  It was found that patients with PD had less Prevotellaceae (a type of gut microbe) than those in the control group, and that, “The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was positively associated with the severity of postural instability and gait difficulty.”  It is also pointed out in the study that the reason for examining the relationship between PD and the gut microbiome is that:

“In the course of PD, the enteric nervous system (ENS) and parasympathetic nerves are amongst the structures most frequently and earliest affected by alpha-synuclein pathology. Accordingly, gastrointestinal dysfunction is an important non-motor symptom in PD and often present years before motor symptom onset. Recent research has shown that intestinal microbiota interact with the autonomic and central nervous system via diverse pathways including the ENS and vagal nerve.”

The microbiome profoundly affects neurotransmitters and thus mental health, as is shown in “The microbiome-gut-brain axis during early life regulates the hippocampal serotonergic system in a sex-dependent manner” published in Molecular Psychiatry, as well as “That Gut Feeling” published in the American Psychological Association magazine, Monitor on Psychology.  The article, “Altering your gut bacteria could ease anxiety and depression” on www.sciencealert.com is also interesting and informative.  All of the articles point to the finding that, “that tweaking the balance between beneficial and disease-causing bacteria in an animal’s gut can alter its brain chemistry and lead it to become either more bold or more anxious” (quote from “That Gut Feeling”) and that temperament changes were induced by gut microbiome alterations. If you’re feeling anxious or depressed, you may want to look at your past antibiotic use.  Our guts and our brains communicate through a variety of signaling mechanisms including “the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the enteric nervous system (ENS), the neuroendocrine system, and the immune system” as well as the vagus nerve.

The connection between microbiome health and Alzheimer’s Disease is described in “Alzheimer’s disease and the microbiome” published in Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (and the referenced articles are interesting too).  In it, it is noted that, “GI tract-abundant gram-positive facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic Lactobacillus, and other Bifidobacterium species, are capable of metabolizing glutamate to produce gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS; dysfunctions in GABA-signaling are linked to anxiety, depression, defects in synaptogenesis, and cognitive impairment including Alzheimer’s Disease.”

Rheumatoid Arthritis is connected to microbiome health in the article on the NIH web site, “Gut Microbes Linked to Rheumatoid Arthritis,” in which it is noted that, “The immune system is influenced by the microbiome, a network of microorganisms that live in and on the human body. These microbes outnumber the body’s cells by 10 to 1. Trillions of microbes—both helpful and harmful—reside in the digestive tract. The gut microbiome has been linked to arthritis in animal studies.”

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are connected to microbiome health in “Dysfunction of the intestinal microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and treatment” published in Genome Biology. In the article, it is stated that, “The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis result from alterations in intestinal microbes and the immune system.”

The microbiome has been shown to affect both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.  In “Intestinal microbiota and type 2 diabetes: From mechanism insights to therapeutic perspective” published in the World Journal of Gastrointerology the relationship to Type 2 diabetes is shown.  In “Type 1 diabetes: role of intestinal microbiome in humans and mice” published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences the connection to Type 1 diabetes is shown.

More general information about the relationship between the microbiome and human health can be found on the National Institute of Health’s Human Microbiome Project web site.

Thousands of articles about the importance of the microbiome have come out.  Millions of dollars have been spent studying the microbiome and its relationship to human health.  Antibiotics indiscriminately destroy bacteria in the microbiome, and some even lead to oxidative stress in the microbiome. Yet misconceptions about antibiotic safety persist. Why is that?

Greg Spooner answered that question perfectly. He said:

“I think the reason for this is that the early antibiotics (like penicillin) were quite safe and they spared us from very serious infections that often lead to death. Our life expectancy jumped at this point, and they were rightly considered miracle drugs. But this was also their downfall, as they quickly became so overused that they lost their efficacy and killed off many people’s helpful biomes. When FQs (fluoroquinolones) came out, most docs probably thought they were just “better” antibiotics that were still effective. ‘All progress is precarious, and the solution of one problem brings us face to face with another problem.’ – Martin Luther King Jr”

Indeed.

Antibiotics, as a class of drugs, have saved millions of lives. That is undeniable. But their value in life-threatening situations does not negate their consequences. The increased risk of Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, depression, anxiety, inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes and other diseases that result from microbiome disruption, should be weighed carefully and conscientiously against the risk of harm from the diseases that are treated with antibiotics. This analysis isn’t being done currently. Both patients and physicians will need to shift their thinking about antibiotic safety for a proper safety analysis to be conducted.  Unfortunately, the proper safety analysis involves comparing immediate and acute pain to potential future pain, and humans are horrible at doing that kind of analysis.

Also, as Greg pointed out, the value and safety of one antibiotic does not mean that all antibiotics are equally safe and valuable.  Though penicillin is not kind to the microbiome, it doesn’t cause multi-symptom, chronic illness like fluoroquinolones do.  Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that not only kill bacteria, they deplete mitochondrial DNA and induce a massive amount of oxidative stress, not only in the microbiome, but in the body generally.  Fluoroquinolones are related to the diseases mentioned above not only through the destruction of the microbiome inflicted by them, but also through the destruction of mitochondria and disruption of cellular mineral homeostasis.

It would be a good place to start for the dangers of fluoroquinolones to be considered before they are prescribed.  After all, fluoroquinolones have an extensive list of adverse effects (the Cipro warning label is 43 pages long) that include tendon ruptures and seizures, among hundreds of other adverse effects. There are thousands of patients screaming about how they have been hurt by fluoroquinolones, and demanding that they be used more prudently.

All antibiotics should be used with care and consideration of potential future consequences. Those antibiotics with the most severe adverse effects should be looked at most closely and immediately. Fluoroquinolones are not worth the harm that they cause in most cases. Restriction of the use of fluoroquinolones is a good place to start in thinking about antibiotics as dangerous, consequential drugs. They are, indeed, consequential, dangerous drugs.

The role that antibiotics and the microbiome play in the many chronic diseases of modernity is just starting to be recognized.  Though recognition has been slow to come about, there are thousands of articles about the importance of the microbiome. Perhaps it is time for us to consider more prudent use of antibiotics, especially the most potent and destructive ones (like fluoroquinolones).

Information about Fluoroquinolone Toxicity

Information about the author, and adverse reactions to fluoroquinolone antibiotics (Cipro/ciprofloxacin, Levaquin/levofloxacin, Avelox/moxifloxacin and Floxin/ofloxacin) can be found on Lisa Bloomquist’s site, www.floxiehope.com.

Participate in Research

Hormones MatterTM is conducting research on the side effects and adverse events associated with the fluoroquinolone antibiotics, Cipro, Levaquin, Avelox and others: The Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics Side Effects Study. The study is anonymous, takes 20-30 minutes to complete and is open to anyone who has used a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Please complete the study and help us understand the scope of fluoroquinolone reactions.

Hormones MatterTM conducts other crowdsourced surveys on medication reactions. To take one of our other surveys, click here.

To sign up for our newsletter and receive weekly updates on the latest research news, click here.

What Else Can I Do To Help?

Hormones MatterTM is completely unfunded at this juncture and we rely entirely on crowdsourcing and volunteers to conduct the research and produce quality health education materials for the public. If you’d like help us improve healthcare with better data, get involved. Become an advocate, spread the word about our site, our research and our mission. Suggest a study. Share a study. Join our team. Write for us. Partner with us. Help us grow. For more information contact us at: info@hormonesmatter.com.

To support Hormones Matter and our research projects – Crowdfund Us.

Side Effects and Unintended Consequences of Popular Pharmaceuticals

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After experiencing an adverse reaction to a popular antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, that involved destruction of my tendons, muscles, and cartilage, as well as my centralperipheral and autonomic nervous systems, I was left with questions that no one seemed to be able to answer – What did ciprofloxacin do to my body?  What happened that made it feel as if a bomb had gone off in me?  Why was I fine after taking ciprofloxacin once, but was far from fine after taking it a second time?  Why can some people tolerate ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics with no ill effects, but others can’t and are destroyed by a single prescription?  And the most important question of all – How could I put my body and mind back together again?

I scoured research journals for answers to these questions. The answers that I found were daunting.  I found that ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics are topoisomerase interrupters – meaning that they disrupt the enzymatic process of bacterial DNA replication (and mitochondrial DNA replication).  I found that fluoroquinolones deplete intracellular magnesium.  Depletion of intracellular magnesium has multiple health consequences including disruption of more than 300 enzymatic processes.  I realized that both enzyme depletion and magnesium depletion lead to mitochondrial dysfunction.  I found that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to high levels of oxidative stress and that oxidative stress wreaks havoc on multiple areas of health.  I discovered that the carboxylic acid molecule in fluoroquinolones can be metabolized into poisonous metabolites in the liver. I learned how feedback loops between multiple biological systems work together and those compensatory feedback loops make repairing damage difficult.

The more I learned about the complex interactions occurring in my body, the more I realized that the number of unknown factors is far greater than the number of known factors. I realized that, as much as I wanted easy answers and quick solutions, there were none available. Because of the complexity of the human body, as well as individual differences in both genetics and environment, I doubt that easy answers will ever be available. Any one of the many complex systems within the human body can be studied for a lifetime without knowing everything about it. The multiple systems within our bodies are interconnected, difficult to comprehend, poorly understood and truly amazing. Human life is astoundingly, beautifully, mind-bogglingly complex.

Mind Blowing Complexity 

This chart of metabolic pathways shows just one level of biochemical complexity in the human body. Click and take a look. Amazing, isn’t it?  I find the pathways to be both incredibly daunting and beautiful at the same time. As complex as that chart is, it doesn’t include everything. There are additional layers on top of it – genetics, epigenetics, equally complex charts about the microbiome, endocrine system, bioenergetics, etc.

Even though the metabolic pathways in the chart above are known (if they weren’t, they wouldn’t be in the chart), I suspect that the interactions between the metabolic pathways, and the connections between them and other complex systems, are not adequately considered in healthcare. How could they be? These pathways are so mind-blowingly complex, and so interconnected with layer upon layer of feedback and feedforward loops amplifying any disruption and miscalculation, that if we were to properly consider the ramifications of pharmaceutical alterations, no one would dare take most medications. We would recognize the limits of our abilities to predict and treat the inevitable unintended consequences of disturbing the balance within and among these systems. Since pharmaceuticals are a trillion dollar industry, it is safe to say that all of the potential effects of pharmaceuticals on these pathways are not fully considered.

Pharmaceuticals Disrupt Biochemical Pathways

Every pharmaceutical has an effect on those pathways. When the drug interacts with the metabolic pathways as expected, all parties involved are pleased. When the drug interacts in unexpected or unwanted ways, we say that there are “side-effects.” I wonder though, are there really side-effects, or is that just a more palatable expression about the limits of our understanding (and attention)? One could argue that if we paid more attention to the broader biological systems involved in human health, those “side-effects” would be entirely predictable. But we don’t. Instead we focus our medication efforts on narrowly defined targets, destroying a particular pathogen or amplifying or diminishing a specific cell cycle function, all the while ignoring that those processes are conserved systemically. Perturbations in one organism or one function, necessarily affects the entire system. Nothing happens in isolation.

If we were to consider the potential for drugs to initiate systemic reactions, and if the effects of drugs on metabolic pathways were properly regarded, fluoroquinolones and many other drugs and vaccines would not be on the market. But we don’t. Instead, we choose to believe that side-effects are rare and won’t happen to us. Those beliefs are bolstered by decades of marketing to physicians and patients, promoting the safety and efficacy of each drug, often long after science and the legal system have disputed those claims.

Fluoroquinolones, the drugs I know most about, deplete intracellular magnesium (note how many times you see Mg in the chart) and disrupt vital enzymatic processes (which are kind of important). Can you even imagine there not being unintended consequences to depleting vital minerals from a system that is as complex and interconnected as cellular biochemistry and metabolic pathways that determine human health?  I cannot imagine it, because after learning about how fluoroquinolones react in the body, I know too much to believe the marketing propaganda about any drug. Before my adverse reaction, however, I never gave the safety of antibiotics a second thought. It appears neither did my doctor, nor the millions of other physicians who have made the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics the most prescribed and profitable antibiotics ever.

I know that there are some very smart scientists out there; people who are far more intelligent than I, who have a much better grasp of biochemistry – so why aren’t the dangers of fluoroquinolones more well-known? Why aren’t the side-effects entirely predictable? Why did I have to figure out all of this on my own, without help from the physician who prescribed the medication or the physicians I saw post reaction? Sadly, I have come to believe that most physicians and patients alike don’t want to recognize the complexity of human health; preferring instead to believe in our own intellectual supremacy. And as much as I appreciate the scientists who are doing the work on which I have based my assertions, I don’t think that there is anyone who understands the complex biochemical feedback loops sufficiently to guarantee that there won’t be unintended consequences when disrupting part of the system with a pharmaceutical.

Unintended Consequences

How can one avoid the unintended consequences that come with disruption of the biochemical interactions described in this chart?  Individualized medicine that takes into consideration genetic predispositions is one place to start, but it requires that we recognize the complexity of interacting systems and abandon our silver bullet approach to medicine. From where I sit, this is a long way off. Individualized medicine based on genetic predispositions barely exists. If we consider the complexity of a lifetime of environmental exposures, predicting how a particular drug will react in given individual is complex, if not impossible. For me, the most feasible way to avoid unintended disruptions and feedback loops is to avoiding pharmaceuticals (or at least use them very sparingly). Each medication has side-effects and unintended consequences. All drugs disrupt the very biochemical feedback loops necessary for keeping us healthy.

Avoid the Cause in Order to Avoid the Effect

Perhaps, I am the medical equivalent of a Luddite. Perhaps, I over-emphasize the harm done by pharmaceuticals and underestimate the good done by them because I was hurt by a drug. I see the unintended consequences of disrupting the delicate balance of biochemical pathways everywhere. All of the diseases of modernity can be traced to a disruption on the chart above (or maybe a disruption on the endocrine system chart, or the microbiome chart, or the epigenetics chart). People are sick; not cells in a petri dish – people. They are sick and they are suffering because of disruptions in their biochemistry.

These systems are complex. The feedback loops between systems amplify the complexity and make mistakes and miscalculations difficult (impossible) to correct.

Disruptions in our biochemistry result in disease.

We live in a world of unintended consequences. Does anyone else see it?

Information about Fluoroquinolone Toxicity

Information about the author, and adverse reactions to fluoroquinolone antibiotics (Cipro/ciprofloxacin, Levaquin/levofloxacin, Avelox/moxifloxacin and Floxin/ofloxacin) can be found on Lisa Bloomquist’s site, www.floxiehope.com.

Postpartum Fluoroquinolone Toxicity

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In March of 2011, two months after the birth of my daughter, I experienced a bout of acute illnesses. My birth experience had been difficult, delivering five weeks early via emergency C-section after my water broke at 35 weeks gestation. My recovery was complicated by the need for an appendectomy just six weeks later. As if two abdominal surgeries weren’t enough, all of the trauma apparently dislodged two kidney stones in my right kidney. I woke up one morning with blinding pain in my stomach that migrated to my back and my side. I had passed a kidney stone once before, so I immediately knew what was causing the pain. Many who have experienced a kidney stone compare it to the pain of childbirth; I would argue that the pain is actually much worse. Unable to manage the pain on my own, I was taken to the emergency room for treatment. In the ER I was given IV pain medication and sent home with a short-term prescription for hydrocodone. I was also sent home with a prescription for a seven day course of the antibiotic Cipro. This medication was given to me as a preventative measure in case the stone ripped through my ureter.

Initial Symptoms of an Impending Cipro Reaction

About 48 hours after beginning the Cipro, I noticed an unusual feeling of nervousness. I was also having trouble regulating my internal body temperature. I would either be sweating profusely or so bone-chill cold that the only relief I could get was standing in a hot shower. I attributed these symptoms to being overwhelmed by the beating my body had taken in the last two months all while trying to care for my two month old preemie daughter. The anxiety was met with severe insomnia, and after a few days of almost complete sleeplessness (on top of the getting up with a newborn every few hours), I saw a general practitioner at a local walk-in clinic to get some advice and hopefully some relief. The doctor agreed that I was likely overwhelmed by all that had happened on top of adjusting to caring for a newborn. However, she also mentioned that I should stop taking the Cipro, and that “Cipro can do funny things” to some people. I took her advice and stopped the Cipro. Within a few days I started to feel more normal, and I shrugged off the experience. Little did I know my nightmare was just beginning.

Neurocognitive Deficits and Cipro

Two weeks later I returned to work. I was staring at the computer screen working on a research project when I noticed that my vision had become blurry. I went to the bathroom and put saline drops in my eyes when I discovered that my pupils were enormous. My eyes looked completely black instead of the normal light greenish-blue hue. I decided to leave work and go home early, and I had to squint and blink furiously just to keep my car on the road. When I returned home, my husband noticed my eyes and told me to lie down. I was exhausted, yet sleep would not come.

Cipro and the Central Nervous System

In the next few months I deteriorated rapidly, suffering from extreme anxiety, muscle twitches, myoclonus jerks, sweating, chills, weakness, tendonitis in my wrists, confusion, PVC heart arrhythmia, among roughly 30 other terrifying and painful symptoms. The worst of them, by far, was the completely intractable insomnia. I would go days at a time without being able to sleep even for one minute, finally crashing for two or three broken hours, and then the cycle would repeat itself. I sought out several doctors who ran tests after test and found nothing. I was finally steered toward psychiatry, where I was diagnosed with “anxiety” and given a slew of prescription psychiatric medications. Luckily, I declined to take most of them.

Continued Deterioration and Delayed Reactions to Fluoroquinolones

Weeks went on and my symptoms did not abate. I decided to leave my job and stay at home to take care of my precious baby daughter, the only thing giving me hope or the will to keep moving forward at that point. I was simply too sick to work, and my work environment was extremely stressful during that time. I was still very confused as to what had befallen me. After months of suffering, I remembered the doctor who had advised me to stop the Cipro. One simple Google search of “Cipro side effects” opened literally thousands of pages of information, with stories exactly like mine, of delayed reactions and unexplainable, debilitating symptoms. Because the severe symptoms were delayed for weeks after I stopped the Cipro, I never attributed my symptoms to this medication. I was unfortunately unaware that close proximity of the effect was not a necessary condition for causation when it came to pharmaceutical side effects.  However, as I began to research this class of antibiotics, called fluoroquinolones, I became aware that the most severe reactions are often delayed.

Fluoroquinolone Toxicity

I saw the top expert in the medical field on fluoroquinolone adverse reactions, and he diagnosed me with fluoroquinolone toxicity syndrome after a careful assessment. Almost a year after my first symptoms appeared, I finally had a name for my suffering. It took me almost two and a half years to recover ninety percent. My recovery focused on nutrition, stress management, and the power of positive thinking. Instead of taking medications, I found a sleep psychologist and underwent CBT for insomnia, and it helped dramatically. I still have symptoms, including the PVC arrhythmia, transient insomnia and peripheral neuropathy, but I consider myself very lucky. Many individuals with fluoroquinolone toxicity are disabled for life. You can read more about fluoroquinolone (FQ) toxicity here.

The pharmaceutical companies will lead you to believe that these side effects are rare, and therefore insignificant compared to the population of people that the drugs help. However, the truth is that most medication side effects are never reported, if they are even attributed to the drug at all. In actuality, doctors are generally uninformed about the complex array of side effects that these drugs can cause and are often unwilling to attribute patients’ symptoms back to the medications that they themselves prescribe. It is unlikely that we have an accurate picture of the side effect profiles of many prescription drugs, not just fluoroquinolones. In fact, many have speculated that a variety of idiopathic illnesses such as fibromyalgia are not organic illnesses but are all manifestations of fluoroquinolone toxicity or other adverse medication reactions. Each individual tends to have a unique threshold for toxicity, so it is entirely possible to have taken these antibiotics before without trouble only to experience a severe adverse reaction the next time they are taken. Since my diagnosis, it has become my mission to educate my friends, family and the world on FQ toxicity. Knowledge is power, and sometimes it can even be life-saving.

Participate in Research

Hormones MatterTM is conducting research on the side effects and adverse events associated with the fluoroquinolone antibiotics, Cipro, Levaquin, Avelox and others: The Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics Side Effects Study. The study is anonymous, takes 20-30 minutes to complete and is open to anyone who has used a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Please complete the study and help us understand the scope of fluoroquinolone reactions.

Hormones MatterTM conducts other crowdsourced surveys on medication reactions. To take one of our other surveys, click here.

To sign up for our newsletter and receive weekly updates on the latest research news, click here.

What Else Can I Do To Help?

Hormones MatterTM is completely unfunded at this juncture and we rely entirely on crowdsourcing and volunteers to conduct the research and produce quality health education materials for the public. If you’d like help us improve healthcare with better data, get involved. Become an advocate, spread the word about our site, our research and our mission. Suggest a study. Share a study. Join our team. Write for us. Partner with us. Help us grow. For more information contact us at: info@hormonesmatter.com.

To support Hormones Matter and our research projects – Crowdfund Us – Buy an Unsubscription.

Don’t Let Your Babies Grow Up to be Floxies

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Moms and Dads, as your children get bacterial infections and are prescribed antibiotics, please be careful and note what kind of antibiotics are given to them. Not all antibiotics are benign. Truthfully, none of them are completely benign, even though they are thought of as such – but some are significantly more dangerous than others.

Not all Antibiotics are Created Equally

Most people are aware of the fact that many antibiotics (especially penicillin and sulfa antibiotics) can cause allergic reactions – some of which are serious and potentially deadly.  Many people are also aware of diarrhea, upset stomach and even c-difficile as potential side-effects of antibiotics. But most people aren’t aware that the side-effects of some antibiotics include destruction of cartilage and tendons throughout the body, seizures, hallucinations, depression, peripheral neuropathy, urticaria and many other severe reactions for which there are few treatments; and when they occur simultaneously make up a multi-symptom, chronic illness. Not all antibiotics can cause a multi-symptom, difficult to treat, chronic syndrome that includes the frightening side-effects listed (and more). Unfortunately, and frighteningly, some can though. The kind of antibiotics that can hurt children (and adults) by causing those symptoms are fluoroquinolone antibiotics – Cipro/Ciprofloxacin, Levaquin/Levofloxacin, Avelox/Moxifloxacin and Floxin/Ofloxacin.

The 43 page warning label for Cipro goes over some of the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones noted – but it fails to mention that many of the side-effects listed can happen simultaneously, that they don’t go away after administration of the drug has stopped, or that the drug can convert an acute health problem – an infection, into a chronic multi-symptom illness – fluoroquinolone toxicity syndrome – an illness that can last months, years, or a lifetime.

To put it as simply as possible, fluoroquinolone toxicity syndrome involves damage to connective tissue (tendons, ligaments, cartilage, fascia, etc.) throughout the body, damage to the nervous systems (central, peripheral and autonomic), and more.  An article going over the basics of fluoroquinolone toxicity can be found HERE, links and resources, including 100+ peer-reviewed journal articles about fluoroquinolone toxicity can be found HERE, and stories of pain and suffering experienced by those who are going through fluoroquinolone toxicity can be found HERE.

If you look through the stories of pain and suffering linked to above, you will note that these drugs brought strong, healthy adults to their knees. Some of the people hurt by fluoroquinolones are in their 20s and 30s, many of them are athletes. If these drugs can leave an athletic 25 year old unable to walk or think, can you imagine what it might do to a small child?

Fluoroquinolones are Given to Children – Despite Contraindications

Fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in the pediatric population because they have been shown to damage the cartilage and joints of juvenile animals (source).  A review in U.S. Pharmacist noted that:

“Fluoroquinolones have demonstrated adverse effects on cartilage development in juvenile animals through the inflammation and destruction of weight-bearing joints.  These arthropathies were often irreversible, and their potential occurrence in children limited the use of fluoroquinolones in this population.  In one pediatric study, ciprofloxacin had a 3.3% (9.3% vs. 6.0%) absolute risk increase in musculoskeletal events within 6 weeks of treatment compared with control agents used to treat complicated UTIs or pyelonephritis. Adefurin and colleagues found a 57% increased relative risk of arthropathy in children given ciprofloxacin (21% overall) versus those in a non-fluoroquinolone comparator arm. In contrast to animal models, neither dose nor duration had an effect on the rate or severity of arthropathy.  A 2007 study by Noel and colleagues determined the incidence of musculoskeletal events (primarily arthralgias) to be greater in children treated with levofloxacin compared with nonfluoroquinolone-treated children at 2 months (2.1% vs. 0.9%; P = .04) and 12 months (3.4% vs. 1.8%; P = .03).  These results and the severity of the effects should be weighed heavily when initiation of fluoroquinolones is being contemplated in pediatric patients.” (source)

To summarize, fluoroquinolones can cause irreversible musculoskeletal harm and in doing so, they can put an end to your child’s days of running, jumping, playing soccer, skiing, dancing, etc. Think about that for a second – a drug – an antibiotic no less – can cause permanent damage to the musculoskeletal system of a child.

In addition to the horrible musculoskeletal adverse effects of fluoroquinolones, they also have multiple mental side-effects. Just a small sample of the mental side-effects of fluoroquinolones listed on the FDA warning label for cipro/ciprofloxacin are, “dizziness, confusion, tremors, hallucinations, depression, and, rarely, psychotic reactions have progressed to suicidal ideations/thoughts and self-injurious behavior such as attempted or completed suicide.”  No loving parent would want their child to experience any of those things.

If Cipro Can Tear Down a 32 Year Old, Imagine What it Can Do to a 3 Year Old

FDA warning labels are official and credible, but people tend to assume that what is listed on the warning label won’t happen to them or their children. So, to make things a bit more personal, I’ll tell you what happened to me when I was a strong and healthy (other than a urinary tract infection) 32 year old.  After taking Cipro, I could barely walk. My feet and hands were swollen to the point that it hurt to use them. My legs became weak and my muscles simply didn’t work.  I lost my flexibility and balance. My tendons were inflamed and painful.  I was exhausted and if felt as if I had a constant flu. I had hives/urticaria all over my body.  I was anxious, depressed and scared. I lost cognitive skills – my memory, reading comprehension, concentration, motivation and ability to connect with other people in a conversation. This went on, to varying degrees (I got worse for a period of time, then I slowly got better – with some bumps in the road) for 18 long and frightening months.

I dealt with the ordeal of having my body and mind fall apart quite badly, despite having 32 years of coping skills built up. Children haven’t built up the capacity to deal with pain, fear, depression, anxiety, loss of motivation, loss of physical capacity, etc. I can only imagine how frightening it would be for a child to go through even a portion of what I went through and, believe it or not, my reaction was not as severe as many.

Under-recognition of Adverse Effects: Delayed Reactions,Tolerance Thresholds and More

Adverse reactions to fluoroquinolones are often delayed (they can occur weeks or months after administration of the drug has stopped) and there is a tolerance threshold for them (meaning that people can tolerate fluoroquinolones up to their personal threshold and only fall ill after their threshold is crossed).  Because of these features of fluoroquinolone toxicity, and because of the absurdity of a prescription antibiotic causing a multi-symptom chronic illness, adverse effects of fluoroquinolones are under-recognized. No one really knows how common adverse reactions are.  People say that adverse reactions are rare; but if delayed effects, tolerance thresholds, multiple exposures and even individual genetic profiles aren’t being taken into consideration, how would they know?  And how is a parent (or doctor) supposed to know how much of a risk these drugs pose to a child?  These variables are too hard to know enough about, so I suggest that every parent reading this err on the side of caution and avoid Cipro/Ciprofloxacin, Levaquin/Levofloxacin, Avelox/Moxifloxacin and Floxin/Ofloxacin in all situations that are not life-threatening.

If you have a child who has a mysterious multi-symptom illness (which can, admittedly, have many causes), I suggest that you look through his or her medical records. Despite the official contraindication in the pediatric population, children are given fluoroquinolones all the time. They often come as ear and eye drops, in addition to pills and IVs.

Protecting Your Children

Please be careful with your babies. Know that there are some dangerous drugs out there.  One category of dangerous drugs is fluoroquinolone antibiotics – again, Cipro/Ciprofloxacin, Levaquin/Levofloxacin, Avelox/Moxifloxacin and Floxin/Ofloxacin (they have different names in different countries and ear and eye drops also often have different names – please ask a pharmacist if a drug is a fluoroquinolone before taking it). Iatrogenic multi-symptom chronic illness is not something that you want inflicted on your child and, as absurd as it may be, multi-symptom chronic illness can be the result of taking a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

As someone who has experienced fluoroquinolone toxicity, I cannot begin to express the horror of thinking of a child going through what I experienced.  It was as if a bomb had gone off in my body and mind. Everything fell apart at once. It was terrifying. The thought of a child going through what I went through is even more terrifying though. I hope that Moms and Dads who read this heed my warning and keep their children far, far away from these drugs. They are too harsh and too dangerous for children.

I wish all parents the best of luck in keeping their babies safe. Staying away from fluoroquinolone antibiotics is one thing that can be done. There are safer antibiotics available. Please use them, and keep your children away from fluoroquinolones if at all possible.

Information about Fluoroquinolone Toxicity

Information about the author, and adverse reactions to fluoroquinolone antibiotics (Cipro/ciprofloxacin, Levaquin/levofloxacin, Avelox/moxifloxacin and Floxin/ofloxacin) can be found on Lisa Bloomquist’s site, www.floxiehope.com.

Participate in Research

Hormones Matter is conducting research on the side effects and adverse events associated with the fluoroquinolone antibiotics, Cipro, Levaquin, Avelox and others: The Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics Side Effects Study. The study is anonymous, takes 20-30 minutes to complete and is open to anyone who has used a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Please complete the study and help us understand the scope of fluoroquinolone reactions.

Hormones MatterTM conducts other crowdsourced surveys on medication reactions. To take one of our other surveys, click here.

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