thiamine deficiency Archives - Page 4 of 14

SIBO, IBS, and Constipation: Unrecognized Thiamine Deficiency?

Published on July 12, 2023

113159 views

In many of my clients, chronic upper constipation and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are misdiagnosed as bacterial overgrowth. Unfortunately, they are often non-responsive to antimicrobial treatments. Yet, sometimes the issues are fixed within a few days of vitamin B1 repletion. This has shown me that often times, the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is simply a symptom of an underlying vitamin B1 or thiamine deficiency.

GI Motility and Thiamine

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the main systems affected by a deficiency of thiamine. Clinically, a severe deficiency in this nutrient can produce a condition called “Gastrointestinal Beriberi”, which in my experience is massively underdiagnosed and often mistaken for SIBO or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). The symptoms may include GERD, gastroparesis, slow or paralysed GI motility, inability to digest foods, extreme abdominal pain, bloating and gas. People with this condition often experience negligible benefits from gut-focused protocols, probiotics or antimicrobial treatments. They also have a reliance on betaine HCL, digestive enzymes, and prokinetics or laxatives.

To understand how thiamine impacts gut function we have to understand the GI tract. The GI tract possesses its own individual enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the second brain. Although the ENS can perform its job somewhat autonomously, inputs from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system serve to modulate gastrointestinal functions. The upper digestive organs are mainly innervated by the vagus nerve, which exerts a stimulatory effect on digestive secretions, motility, and other functions. Vagal innervation is necessary for dampening inflammatory responses in the gut and maintaining gut barrier integrity.

The lower regions of the brain responsible for coordinating the autonomic nervous system are particularly vulnerable to a deficiency of thiamine. Consequently, the metabolic derangement in these brain regions caused by deficiency produces dysfunctional autonomic outputs and misfiring, which goes on to exert detrimental effects on every bodily system – including the gastrointestinal organs.

However, the severe gut dysfunction in this context is not only caused by faulty central mechanisms in the brain, but also by tissue specific changes which occur when cells lack thiamine. The primary neurotransmitter utilized by the vagus nerve is acetylcholine. Enteric neurons also use acetylcholine to initiate peristaltic contractions necessary for proper gut motility. Thiamine is necessary for the synthesis of acetylcholine and low levels produce an acetylcholine deficit, which leads to reduced vagal tone and impaired motility in the stomach and small intestine.

In the stomach, thiamine deficiency inhibits the release of hydrochloric acid from gastric cells and leads to hypochlorydria (low stomach acid). The rate of gastric motility and emptying also grinds down to a halt, producing delayed emptying, upper GI bloating, GERD/reflux and nausea. This also reduces one’s ability to digest proteins. Due to its low pH, gastric acid is also a potent antimicrobial agent against acid-sensitive microorganisms. Hypochlorydria is considered a key risk factor for the development of bacterial overgrowth.

The pancreas is one of the richest stores of thiamine in the human body, and the metabolic derangement induced by thiamine deficiency causes a major decrease in digestive enzyme secretion. This is one of the reasons why those affected often see undigested food in stools. Another reason likely due to a lack of brush border enzymes located on the intestinal wall, which are responsible for further breaking down food pre-absorption. These enzymes include sucrase, lactase, maltase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Thiamine deficiency was shown to reduce the activity of each of these enzymes by 42-66%.

Understand that intestinal alkaline phosphatase enzymes are responsible for cleaving phosphate from the active forms of vitamins found in foods, which is a necessary step in absorption. Without these enzymes, certain forms of vitamins including B6 (PLP), B2 (R5P), and B1 (TPP) CANNOT be absorbed and will remain in the gut. Another component of the intestinal brush border are microvilli proteins, also necessary for nutrient absorption, were reduced by 20% in the same study. Gallbladder dyskinesia, a motility disorder of the gallbladder which reduces the rate of bile flow, has also been found in thiamine deficiency.

Malnutrition Induced Malnutrition

Together, these factors no doubt contribute to the phenomena of “malnutrition induced malnutrition”, a term coined by researchers to describe how thiamine deficiency can lead to all other nutrient deficiencies across the board. In other words, a chronic thiamine deficiency can indirectly produce an inability to digest and absorb foods, and therefore produce a deficiency in most of the other vitamins and minerals. In fact, this is indeed something I see frequently. And sadly, as thiamine is notoriously difficult to identify through ordinary testing methods, it is mostly missed by doctors and nutritionists. To summarize, B1 is necessary in the gut for:

Stomach acid secretion and gastric emptying
Pancreatic digestive enzyme secretion
Intestinal brush border enzymes
Intestinal contractions and motility
Vagal nerve function

Based on the above, is it any wonder why thiamine repletion can radically transform digestion? I have seen many cases where thiamine restores gut motility. Individuals who have been diagnosed with SIBO and/or IBS and are unable to pass a bowel movement for weeks at a time, begin having regular bowel movements and no longer require digestive aids after addressing their thiamine deficiency. In fact, the ability of thiamine to address these issues has been known for a long time in Japan.

TTFD and Gut Motility

While there are many formulations of thiamine for supplementation, the form of thiamine shown to be superior in several studies is called thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide or TTFD for short. One study investigated the effect of TTFD on the jejunal loop of non-anesthetized and anesthetized dogs. They showed that intravenous administration induced a slight increase in tone and a “remarkable increase” in the amplitude of rhythmic contractions for twenty minutes. Furthermore, TTFD applied topically inside lumen of the intestine also elicited excitation.

Another study performed on isolated guinea pig intestines provided similar results, where the authors concluded that the action of TTFD was specifically through acting on the enteric neurons rather than smooth muscle cells. Along with TTFD, other derivatives have also been shown to influence gut motility. One study in rats showed an increase in intestinal contractions for all forms of thiamine including thiamine hydrochloride (thiamine HCL), S-Benzoyl thiamine disulphide (BTDS -a formulation that is somewhat similar to benfotiamine), TTFD, and thiamine diphosphate (TPD). A separate study in white rats also found most thiamine derivatives to be effective within minutes.

Most interestingly, in another study, this time using mice, the effects of thiamine derivatives on artificially induced constipation by atropine and papaverine was analyzed. The researchers tested whether several thiamine derivatives could counteract the constipation including thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), in addition to the HCL, TTFD and BTDS forms. Of all the forms of thiamine tested, TTFD was the ONLY one which could increase gut motility. Furthermore, they ALSO showed that TTFD did not increase motility in the non-treatment group (non-poisoned with atropine). This indicated that TTFD did not increase motility indiscriminately, but only when motility was dysfunctional. Finally, severe constipation and gastroparesis identified in patients with post-gastrectomy thiamine deficiency, was alleviated within a few weeks after a treatment that included three days of IV TTFD at 100mg followed by a daily dose of 75mg oral TTFD. Other symptoms also improved, including lower limb polyneuropathy.

To learn more about how thiamine affects gut health:

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter.

Photo by Johannes Krupinski on Unsplash.

This article was first published on HM on June 1, 2020.

From Mother to Daughter: The Legacy of Undiagnosed Vitamin Deficiencies

by B. Figueroa

Published on July 10, 2023

14152 views

This is a story of a mother with undiagnosed vitamin B deficiencies who gave birth to a daughter who was also born with undiagnosed vitamin B deficiencies. In the eyes of conventional doctors and labs, there was not much wrong with us, but we knew that life was harder than it should be. We lived managing debilitating dizziness, daily migraines, fibromyalgia pain, chronic fatigue, allergies, hormonal changes, anxiety, and depression. Until we discovered that we were both hypermobile with histamine issues, hypoglycemic, and had many vitamin B deficiencies. The biggest challenge was for my daughter to start taking thiamine (vitamin B1). Her heart rate was all over the place and she had such a bad paradoxical reaction to thiamine that we believe she had been living with undiagnosed beriberi along with POTS.

Mom’s Health Marked by Asthma, Anxiety, Migraines, and a Difficult Pregnancy

All I remember as a child is being afraid to talk in school even if I knew the answer to a question. I had allergies and could not exercise due to asthma. During college, I had to read over and over the same thing because I could not concentrate. I worked extremely hard because the fear of failure was too much to bear. I started to have hormonal imbalances and missing periods. I successfully finished college and moved away to another state. That is when migraines started. Later, I became pregnant with my first child and started having blood clots. Anxiety and depression would come and go with hormonal changes.

When I was pregnant with my second child, my daughter, I was sick every morning with nausea. After 6 months of pregnancy, I had gained only 6 pounds. Ultrasounds showed that the baby was growing normally, but I was losing weight. At that point, I also could see blood clots on my leg. I was placed on bed rest. By the 8^th month, my water broke and my daughter was born. She was jaundiced and placed under UV light for a week. I also stayed in the hospital for a week dehydrated, with blood clots, and with the “baby blues”. We left the hospital after a week, and she had a “normal” development. However, you could see that she was a baby that would not go with anyone, not even the people close to us, indicating some anxiety.

Daughter’s Early Health Issues: Selective Mutism, Asthma, Concentration Issues

When my daughter turned four years old, we moved out of state and that is when she stopped talking outside the house. I later found out that it is called selective mutism, a form of severe social anxiety. She started seeing a school counselor to try to help with her anxiety and self-esteem issues. I brought a girl scout group to my house so that she could start having friends and talk to others in her area of comfort. She also developed asthma and needed nebulizer/albuterol treatments frequently and daily QVAR for prevention. She was given Singulair, but it made her very depressed. Her grades in all classes were all over, from A to D. She would spend the whole time after school trying to complete homework, but she couldn’t. Her teacher told me that she really did not have that much homework. I would ask her to watch the dog eating and to take her outside as soon as the dog finished but she would be wandering around the kitchen and could not pay attention to the dog. Her neurologist gave her Strattera and that helped a little. Her EGG also showed some abnormal activity. The doctor recommended anti-seizure medicine and said that she was probably having mal-petit seizures. I refused medication based on how she reacted to Singulair and because the doctors were using words like “probably” and “just in case”. I kept an eye on her and noticed when she ate ice cream and got asthma. I had her stop sugars and dairy. Soon after that, a teacher called me, excited to tell me that my daughter was talking at school. She also was able to stop all asthma medication except for 2 weeks every year when seasonal allergies would hit. At this point, it had been already four years since she stopped talking outside our house. She started excelling in all classes and we were able to stop Strattera. However, the continuous anxiety remained.

The Teenage Years: Continuous Migraine, More Medications, and No Answers

At 16 years old, she got a cold that turned into asthma with a continuous headache that just would not go away. She started waking up every day with a migraine, depressed with no energy. We had to wait three months to see a pediatric neurologist. Meanwhile, I would take her to my chiropractor early in the morning, give her an Excedrin, and she would go to school whenever she felt better. She began drinking at least 2 cups of coffee every day to help with the pain. Sometimes she would go to school at 11am, sometimes at 1pm. Even if there was just one class left, she would go to school. At this point, she felt that she wouldn’t have a future.

When we finally went to the neurologist, he recommended amitriptyline. I had been on amitriptyline and woke up one day not knowing which year or season was, but I was told that the issue was the high dose given to me (125mg), after decades of it increasing it every year. I agreed as long as it was a low dose. Amitriptyline lessened the continuous headache, but it was not really gone, and she still needed some Excedrin. She started daily aspirin as well. She was just getting by day to day trying to manage her pain and mood and trying to have a normal teenage life.

Increasing Weakness When Outdoors: Untangling Root Causes

She became very weak whenever we would go to the beach or to a park. We would have to drag her indoors and give her water. On some occasions, she would say that she could not see. Somehow, she successfully managed to graduate from high school. We started seeing functional doctors. We found that she had some variants related to mitochondria dysfunction, but we really didn’t know how to address this. We also found out that she had Hashimoto’s and antibodies against intrinsic factors, which was indicative of pernicious anemia. We knew right there, that she had issues that conventional doctors had missed.

We also did a Dutch test and found that all of her hormones were high. The functional doctors suggested sublingual B12, folinic acid, and a B complex. She said the vitamins made her feel awake for the first time. However, chronic fatigue was still a major struggle for her. Eventually, she had to stop folinic acid because it made her depressed and unmotivated. Meanwhile, she managed her anxiety with herbs, but it was a real struggle. She also continued to have asthma requiring albuterol every fall season. She chose a very challenging career in cell biology with biochemistry. She went through college with many cups of coffee just to control migraines, have energy, and be alert.

Discovering Her POTS Symptoms

The summer of 2019, before her senior year of college, the nurse checked her vitals as part of her new summer internship. The nurse thought the pulse monitor was broken because her heart rate was 120 sitting down. After a few minutes, it went down to 99, so the nurse dismissed it. When she told me that, I started paying attention to her heart rate. We went to her physician and neurologist and in both instances, her heart rate was 100, just sitting down waiting for the doctor. I asked if it was normal, and they said that it was in the upper range but not a concern. I was still concerned and made an appointment with a cardiologist but also bought her an iwatch. She noticed right away how her standing heart rate would be over 100, and by only taking a few steps, her heart rate would go even higher and she would become fatigued and even dizzy. From the heart rate monitor on her iwatch, we could see how quickly her heart rate would climb upon standing and then slow a bit when sitting.

That is when I remember that I have read about POTS and hypermobile people. I remember that when she was a child, the neurologist had said that she was hypermobile, but never said that it could be a problem for her. It just seemed like a fun thing to have. I started asking in health groups and someone mentioned that her medications could also cause high heart rate. I searched and amitriptyline did have that side effect. That is when my daughter showed me that her resting heart rate was in the 90s and it would fluctuate from 29 to 205 without exercising. When we went to the cardiologist and explained all of this, he said that he did not even know how to diagnose POTS because it is rare. He did testing and said that the heart was fine but there was some inefficiency due to some valve leaking but that it usually does not cause symptoms. I asked about amitriptyline and he confirmed that it could raise heart rate. At that point, she stopped amitriptyline and her maximum heart rate was 180 instead of 205.

She went back to her last year of college when Covid hit. She came back home and we could see the lack of energy and how much doing any little thing or stress would crash her for days. Since I needed glutathione for chemical sensitivities, I decided to see if it would help her. Glutathione with co-factors helped her recover, instead of crashing for days, she would recover the next day. That is when she told me that every time she walked to school, she felt that she would pass out. When she gets up in the morning, she ends up lying on the floor because of dizziness. Despite her dizziness, daily muscle pain, daily migraines, and chronic fatigue, she had big dreams. She just kept pushing through day by day, with coffee, herbs, and whatever it took, but she knew that something had to change. She successfully graduated in May, Magna Cum Laude, and she had a couple of months to deal with her health before she would leave to start her graduate studies and research job. That is when I found people that knew about Dr. Marrs’ work and thiamine, and her life finally changed.

Introducing Thiamine and Other Micronutrients: Navigating the Paradox

A functional doctor recommended magnesium and niacin for her migraines and they significantly helped. This gave the functional doctor the idea to try tocotrienols. High doses of tocotrienols worked better for reducing her migraine pain than amitriptyline and aspirin combined. Then she started taking high doses of B6. This helped her muscle pain and improved her mobility. Despite being hypermobile, easy stretches gave her intense muscle cramps prior to starting B6. Guided by very knowledgeable researchers belonging to Dr. Marrs’ Facebook group, Understanding Mitochondrial Nutrients, we started Allithiamine. The first thing she said was “wait, the sun does not hurt?”. I asked her what she meant. She explained that all her life, being in the sun gave her pain in her eyes and forehead and that she couldn’t understand why people wanted to be outside. No wonder she never wanted to go outside. She also said her migraines were gone. We have waited 4 years to hear that!

After just a couple of days, she started having a lot of nausea and lower-intensity migraines returned. The researchers knew right away that she needed more potassium. She started to eat apricots, coconut water, or orange juice every time she had nausea and it helped. However, it was happening every hour so we decided to try a different Thiamine. We tried half Lipothiamine and Benfotiamine but she didn’t feel as much benefit and still gave her issues. We went back to 1/10 of Allithiamine. Chatting with the researchers, one asked if she also experienced blinding episodes. Yes! Finally, someone that knew about that! They recommended B2 and we started it. That’s when we discovered that her pain in the sun and dizziness were caused by a B2 deficiency. She continued waking up with crashes needing potassium every hour. She did not sleep that week. The researchers suggested taking cofactors including the rest of the B vitamins, phosphate salts, phospholipids, and beef organs. Beef organs and phospholipids helped with energy and bloating, phosphate salts helped with nausea and irritability.

Then researchers suggested that she needed to stabilize sugars and have more meat. That is when we realized that she had some type of hypoglycemia. We had noticed that she would get very tired and got shaky hands if she didn’t eat. Functional doctors had mentioned that she may have reactive hypoglycemia since she had a fasting glucose of 70. She started having more meat to stabilize her sugars and removed all packaged foods, sugars, grains, and starches. She started having just fresh meat, veggies, rice, beans, nuts, and berries. She felt that she was so much better with beef that she started using it for potassium between meals and bedtime.

She was able to increase allithiamine little by little. She would mix a little bit with orange juice since it tasted so awful. Little by little, she started having fewer crashes and feeling better. It took a month for her to be able to tolerate one capsule of Allithiamine. She was sleeping more but not the whole night. That is when our functional doctor suggested supporting adrenals. That really helped but then she began having stomach pain and nausea after eating beef and developed frequent diarrhea. Chicken always increased her hunger and reduced her energy compared to beef and but now she was afraid of having beef. She stopped all sources of beef and phospholipids.

We consulted a very good functional doctor. She did Nutraeval and confirmed that all her B vitamins were low or deficient and recommended TUDCA and Calcium D Glucarate along with trying lamb and bison first. Both helped in reducing bloating/nausea and she was able to start eating lamb and bison along with reintroducing a minimal amount of carbs. Soon after, she was eating beef again with no pain. After starting TUDCA, her bilirubin levels were normal for the first time in her life. We continued to work with the functional doctor to fix other deficiencies.

Recovery from Multiple Nutrient Deficiencies and the Prospect of a Normal Life

After Allithiamine and vitamin B2, we worked with our functional doctor to balance the remaining B vitamins. She is now able to go out in the sun without bothering her eyes and without passing out. She gained weight after starting the B vitamins and began looking healthier, compared to how skinny and underdeveloped she looked before. She also learned how to manage electrolytes. She sometimes needs more sodium, but other times needs more potassium. She feels sick when electrolytes get out of balance. Although she still had some continuous pressure in her head, she no longer needs any amitriptyline, aspirin, or Excedrin for pain. One thing that remained problematic was folate deficiency. She still became depressed with folinic acid, so she tried methylfolate instead. She felt so unmotivated that preferred not to have it, but she realized that it was key to something that she struggled with all her life: anxiety. She figured that she could have methylfolate every other day, so that she could have less anxiety.

Now, for the first time, she began to have a normal life. She can now exercise daily without dizziness and her heart rate skyrocketing. Her heart rate in general is more normal, doesn’t go down to 29 or up to 205. She had not had any asthma requiring albuterol. She started driving without having to deal with anxiety and panic attacks. She was able to walk to her office without fainting. She now can now live alone dealing with the stress of having a full-time job, graduate classes, cooking her food, and exercise every day! She is not cured completely but for a person that once thought she couldn’t have a future, she is doing pretty darned good!

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, and like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter.

This article was published originally on July 22, 2021.

Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, Thiamine, or B12 Deficiency?

by AJY

Published on June 26, 2023

5316 views

My husband is a 42 year old man who is suffering from what I suspect is severe thiamine and B12 deficiency that has manifested as hallucinations, dizziness and ataxia, progressive immobility, nystagmus and an upward gaze, memory problems, tics, light sensitivity, and incontinence. In April he was hospitalized for a week. While there, an MRI showed that he had restricted diffusion in the basal ganglia and thalamus, with possible mild right lentiform enhancement. He was diagnosed with Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD), also known as mad cow disease.

Even though they kept telling me that there was a broad range of things that could cause these MRI readings, including metabolic disorders, the doctors believed he had CJD and have focused only on this diagnosis. In the report, they said that they ruled everything that could mimic CJD out, but later on, the doctor admitted that they didn’t check for other mimics after seeing the MRI. While in the hospital, he was medicated heavily and deteriorated significantly.

Upon learning about thiamine deficiency, and Wernicke’s encephalopathy, I managed to get IV thiamine for him twice and he improved each time, but doctors will not provide them regularly and we cannot afford them on our own. Since symptoms of Wernicke’s and vitamin B12 deficiency can mirror CJD and since he responded positively to both vitamins, I believe he would benefit from IV therapies.

History Of Dietary Malnutrition

My husband has been in the navy for 17 years, on three different ships from 2007 until early 2018 with deployments to the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. He was not in Europe in the 90s. He was on a ship that visited the Horn of Africa. For some of the deployments, he didn’t go out in town. He stayed on base.

He has a history of fast food, soft drinks, and energy drinks. He quit drinking energy drinks in 2020. I cannot remember exactly when he quit drinking them. We had recently started to try and eat healthier, but our diets were still limited. After his symptoms emerged, we did try to clean up our diet.

From about mid-2018, he would skip breakfast and lunch, and dinner usually was fast food. During this time, I was extremely ill and had brain surgery in March of 2019. After COVID hit, we could barely afford food and gas, as prices skyrocketed, so he went without meals again.

In June of 2022, he moved to Virginia for school. He felt better after starting to eat regular meals. He had told me that he was no longer tired all of the time. For the first time in years, he wasn’t falling asleep. He had energy to go out and do things and he just felt good like he hadn’t felt in years. Then when the family moved with him, money had become tight again due to some misunderstandings about housing, so it was back to skipping meals and eating poorly.

From 2013 to 2022, we lived in a house for years that had mold. The molds in the house were Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium and penicillium. We also lived in houses that were on an old military artillery range called Camp Elliot. We cooked with the tap water in the first house.

Memory, Gait, and Personality Changes

He had a couple of years complaining about memory problems and being tired before the full brunt of his symptoms appeared. He was always inside and did not go outside much.

His car had an exhaust leak and the windows didn’t roll down. He had driven it across country and also driven it to school and back and to the stores. He had complained about getting tired after driving it.

He started having dizziness and gait problems earlier this year or possibly in December. I cannot say specifically when he started, as he was never one to complain or speak up when he would get sick. Then after a couple of arguments, he developed some personality changes. He also had developed light sensitivity, kept one eye shut and had a tic.

The light sensitivity started in early or mid-March and the eye shut around late March or early April. He quit shutting his eyes in late April, after I had started giving him thiamine, B vitamins and B12. I didn’t realize it could have been the thiamine at that point, as I was solely focused on B12 deficiency at the time. With the vitamins, he stopped hallucinating and his hand had stopped trembling when he would try to hug me. If I had neglected to give him the high doses of thiamine, he had seemed to get worse. I was so traumatized at them diagnosing him with CJD, that I couldn’t keep my focus straight. To this day, he does not shut that eye and he cannot go outside in the sun without it hurting his eyes.

Rapid Decline With Hospitalization

He was taken to the hospital on April 7th after he came home from work. Although his health was declining, he was still able to drive and go to work and was still able to talk at this point. I had been asking him to make an appointment for a while to get his B12, methylmalonic acid, and homocysteine checked, because I had a feeling he was dealing with b12 and/or thiamine deficiency. He kept refusing to go in and finally my sister was able to convince him to go in, so I took him to the ER. He was hospitalized from April 7 – April 19.

A Few Days Before Hospitalization: Still Walking

I suspect during his hospitalization, in addition to everything else going on, he became dehydrated and further malnourished. He was not eating and barely drank anything the entire time he was there. He was never given IV fluids either.

While he was there, he had an MRI with contrast (gadolinium) and was given 1,000mg of acyclovir for 2 or 3 days in case it was a viral infection that was causing his symptoms. He was given Lovenox. The nurse said it was for potential blood clots. He was also given 1,000mg of methyl prednisone for 3 days to treat possible encephalitis and insulin, because they said high dose methylprednisone can cause insulin spikes, which it did.

He began to hallucinate in the hospital and rapidly declined afterwards. The problems with walking worsened. He also had a lost look in his eyes that has, for the most part gone away, but was really disturbing at the time. He became incontinent and developed short-term memory loss, which progressed afterwards and has continued. He is now for the most part nonverbal but can still understand what people are saying and still knows who his family is. Also while in the hospital, he developed nystagmus and a persistent upward gaze. To date, he is in a wheel chair unable to talk. Unable to feed himself. His left arm hangs and he barely wants to eat or drink.

After Hospitalization and Before IV Thiamine: Notice the Left Arm

Improvements With IV Thiamine

I had started him on thiamine and B vitamins in after the hospitalization. I had originally given him thiamine HCL and TTFD, a B complex and b12 injections, which I was not consistent with it. This has been extremely traumatizing and trying to do it alone, I failed. We did not see much improvement until he received IV thiamine. After the first IV thiamine (100mgs), later that night he smiled for the first time in a while.

After First Thiamine IV: Moves Leg

After I took him to get another IV thiamine of 100mg, he was able to lift his left arm and wave, catch and hold a stuffed animal, and pull tissue paper out of his gift bag. He went from mostly non-verbal to trying to speak again. The nystagmus and upward gaze also resolved. A few weeks later though, he stopped speaking again. This suggests to me that we need regular IV thiamine, something I have not been able to convince doctors of.

After Second Thiamine IV: Moves Left Arm

We have just recently begun high dose oral thiamine again.

After A Few Weeks of High Dose Oral: Moving From Car to Wheelchair

Is it CJD or Thiamine and B12 Deficiency or Both?

Prior to all of this, he didn’t have any major health problems. He does have HSV-2. He had contracted Covid in April of 2022. He went to work the day I took him into the hospital. He was never on medication and isn’t now. The hospital diagnosed him with CJD, but I have read case studies showing that Wernicke’s encephalopathy and b12 deficiency have mimicked this disease in every area radiologically, clinically, and with laboratory tests. Given his history and since he responded so well to these vitamins, I believe these nutrients are involved. I have since learned that thiamine deficiency can cause misfolded proteins, like those seen in CJD and that the prion proteins bind and potentially leach thiamine from the body. I have read several case studies where metabolic disorders, thiamine or B12 deficiency mimicked this disease. I also read that these deficiencies could even cause the cortical ribboning, that is presumably diagnostic of CJD but also indicative of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Apparently, the cortical ribboning will disappear with thiamine replacement. There are case studies that show the rt-QuIC test has been falsely positive in people who had encephalopathy or seizures, and another case study where the diagnosis was Sjogren’s Disease. I also read case studies showing that B12 deficiency and Wernicke’s had cause extremely high 14-3-3 and tau proteins, which normalized after proper treatment. I just know in my heart that he had more risk factors for nutritional deficiencies than he did for CJD.

Regardless of the root cause, I believe high dose thiamine via IV will help, but I cannot get anyone to take me seriously and I don’t have a lot of money to pay for IVs out of pocket. So I am lost. Please help.

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter and like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter.

Photo by Alina Grubnyak on Unsplash. Image edited.

Post Concussive Metabolic Dysfunction in a Dancer

by Broken Mom

Published on June 22, 2023

5589 views

post concussive thiamine deficiency in a dancer

A Concussion, an Infection and the Slow Spiral of Declining Health

Our daughter started ballet at 2.5 years old, and by 5 years old she had started competitions and had decided she was going to become a professional ballerina. She was talented, had an amazing work ethic and completely loved her life of ballet, friends and school. She was a very happy child, bright and bubbly and she woke up everyday super excited about what was going to be happening that day. From a very early age, our daughter showed determination, stubbornness and a quiet, but strong competitiveness.

In October 2016, when she was 12 years old, she got a severe concussion, and her whole life stopped for nearly 3 months. She stayed in her bedroom in the dark, couldn’t read, slept for most of the day and even trying to tie her shoelaces gave her an intense headache. After months of no improvement, we took her to a chiropractor, who told us her neck was out and she wouldn’t have gotten better until it was put back in properly. Our daughter floated out of that appointment so happy that she nearly felt back to her normal self. The chiropractor gave us an information sheet about Thiamine/B1 Vitamin at the time, but we didn’t really take any notice apart from trying to give her some more marmite (yeast spread) as it suggested.

Then in September 2017, both our daughter and our older son suddenly became very ill with vomiting, diarrhoea, rashes, headaches, stomach pain, joint pain, and bright red palms. Our older son had more intense symptoms, and also had extreme nose bleeds and petechial rashes – he was admitted to hospital where they found his liver and spleen were enlarged but they couldn’t work out what was wrong. Our son had recently come back from a school trip to Vietnam – we were trying to find if there was a link to Vietnam but he had already been home for a couple of weeks so the hospital didn’t test for any illnesses from Vietnam. After weeks of this illness, we were told our daughter had Mono/Epstein Barr Virus and that this was causing her illness and it was completely unrelated with our son’s illness. We found this extremely odd that they could have mostly the same symptoms at exactly the same time, but as our son was more acute and in hospital, we were just concentrating on trying to get both of them well.

Since then, our daughter has never fully recovered. She started not sleeping, and constantly having body pains and headaches. She was sent to a paediatrician who diagnosed her with Child Migraines and told us she would outgrow them and was given melatonin for sleep. The melatonin worked for 3 nights and then completely stopped working. Our daughter started to put on weight, and would look puffy in the face, and she lost her menstrual period even though she was gaining weight. She was always tired, always had body pains and slowly but surely lost her sparkle.

Declining Metabolic Function and Weight Gain

At the end of 2017 when she was 13 years old, she lost her place in the national ballet training program. Our daughter was extremely stoic at this point, and was determined to get a professional career without the training academy’s help. Throughout 2018 she continued to put on weight, no matter how healthy she ate or what she ate, and still didn’t have a menstrual period. We saw doctors and nutritionists, but they couldn’t explain why her weight continued to increase or they would tell us there was nothing wrong. Our daughter became quiet, withdrawn, easily irritated and frustrated and stopped being interested in anything or anyone. She continued to work at her ballet, and the only time she would ‘light up’ would be on stage, as she was still trying to compete. During 2018, she gained 10kg/22lbs while being on a very strict nutrition plan. She auditioned for a ballet academy to start at the beginning of 2019 and was accepted; she was happy but in a tired way, and she knew that she would need to stop gaining weight but had no idea how she was going to do that when she had already been trying so hard.

In February 2019 we saw a naturopath who diagnosed our daughter with Adrenal Fatigue, and said her thyroid needed support, and that she still had lingering Epstein Barr Virus in her system. The naturopath pointed to our daughter always wanting salt as an indicator of adrenal fatigue. She was put on some herbal remedies for her immune system, inflammation and liver, adrenal and thyroid support, and relaxation/sleep support as well as Epstein Barr Virus liquid drops to help her immune system recognise the lingering EB virus in her system.

The weight started to instantly melt off, her sleeping improved and we felt we finally had some answers and a solution. Our daughter was happy with the weight loss, but still struggled with her other symptoms: dizziness, dry/gritty eyes, chest pain, tiredness, muscle and joint pains, extremely sore lower and upper back pain, brain fog, very low blood pressure, daily headaches, daily sore throat, complete lack of energy and occasionally sore under her right ribs (later on she told us that she couldn’t sweat, no matter how hard or long she exercised).

A month after starting the herbal remedies, she had her first panic attack during rehearsal for a school production – she had no idea what was happening and it took a long time to calm her down. Her mental and emotional state continued to decline, it was a daily struggle to do anything; she always had to push through every single day. We continued to take our daughter to the doctors for the sore throats, tiredness, headaches etc. but we were always told there was nothing wrong with her. During this time she got an infected toenail, and ended up being on antibiotics for twice as long as usual as it wouldn’t heal. The naturopath added in additional supplements to help, and eventually her toe got better.

Even though she was still losing weight, our daughter became very apathetic and would stay in her room – we would try to talk to her every day, try to reach her but she was shut off emotionally. Then we ran out of one of the herbal supplements, and suddenly she began to gain weight again – she gained 2.8kg/6.2lbs in 2 weeks. Once we got her back on the herbal supplement she began to lose weight again, but it seemed to be slower and less effective. Our daughter got to 51.3kg (she is 5ft7 inches tall) and she was happy, and her ballet teachers told her to not lose any further weight as she was fine at the weight she was.

Hair Loss, Pale Skin, and Skyrocketing Weight

Halfway during 2019, our daughter’s hair started to fall out in clumps, it got to the point where she was too scared to wash or comb it, as it was falling out so much. We noticed our daughter was extremely pale, and at times she looked translucent. The naturopath put her on iron pills and told us to massage her scalp, but it didn’t really make a difference. The naturopath didn’t think she needed to be on the adrenal/thyroid support any longer, and was changing her supplements. Our daughter’s weight then skyrocketed, and our relationship with the naturopath started to deteriorate as she kept implying that we were starving our daughter and we felt she wasn’t able to answer our questions on why one particular supplement seemed to be the only one that would help our daughter lose weight, but she still had the other symptoms that were getting worse.

We took our daughter to other GP doctors, trying to explain her symptoms and asking for her thyroid to be checked, but we were continuously brushed off and they would look at our daughter and say it was just normal teenage hormonal stuff and there was nothing wrong. In our gut we felt there was something drastically wrong, but nobody would listen to us. We started to hate going to the doctors, going through her symptoms only to be told again and again there was nothing wrong with her, and being looked at like we had the problem, not our daughter. We started trying to research things ourselves, started tracking and monitoring everything she ate/did/sleep patterns. The naturopath would change the supplements and our daughters weight would skyrocket – we would then put her back on the original supplements and again she would start to lose weight, but every time it was less effective.

Low Metabolic Rate, Low Estradiol, Yeast and Bacterial Overgrowth, Constipation and Parasites

At the beginning of 2020, our daughter’s weight was going back up significantly and it seemed that the original supplement was no longer working at all. We realised that our daughter’s face and neck seemed to be more swollen on the left side, but couldn’t find any reason why it would be like this. Our daughter started to get new symptoms around this time as well – from not being able to sweat at all, she started to have extreme sweating everywhere, and started to get hot flushes and night sweating. We noticed that the hair on her upper lip was more noticeable/darker, and she started to get a small patch of hair just under the middle of her lower lip as well. She also started to get a very bloated around her stomach area, and couldn’t pull it in no matter how hard she tried.

In February 2020, we decided to try and get testing done ourselves, and found a functional doctor who supplied a variety of tests. We got a hormone and thyroid test, as well as a MTHFR gene mutation test. We thought if we could show our doctor some factual data, we might be taken more seriously. The functional doctor advised us to also do an Organic Acid urine test, which we did as well. The test results came back saying that our daughter’s total estrogen was so low that it was at the level of a post-menopausal woman, but the functional doctor thought that was because she was a dancer. The organic acid test picked up that she was in a hypometabolic state; again with the reason given that this was because she was an athlete. The organic acid test also showed that she had a significantly high amount of yeast and bacterial overgrowth in her gut, which would cause inflammation system wide and insulin resistance.

The functional doctor wanted to test for parasites as well, so we did a complete microbiome mapping test using a stool sample. While taking the stool sample, we were surprised that our daughter could only produce tiny, rock-hard little pebbles and we questioned her about it, we then found that she was constipated but she thought passing tiny pebble-type stools only every 3-5 days was normal.

While we were waiting for the microbiome mapping results, the functional doctor prescribed a total of 30 supplements/remedies as well as adrenal support liquid drops – these were to cover supporting biochemical pathways, weight management, cognitive support, anti-inflammatories, detoxification, liver support, hormonal metabolism, adrenal and energy support, amino acids to support cellular energy, mitochondrial NRG multivitamins to support cellular health, l-tryptophan to support sleep and neurotransmitter mood support. During this time she was also advised to stop all dairy (she was already gluten/sugar free and very low carb). We did take all of these tests results to our GP doctor, but were advised that they didn’t recognise these tests.

After a week of the new supplements, we noticed a complete shift in our daughter’s energy level and emotional/mental state. We were relieved to have our daughter’s personality back – it was literally like a heavy, suffocating blanket had been taken off her and she could finally think, feel and breathe again – it was a huge difference seeing her not having to mentally struggle through every single day. We did a lot of talking with her and she finally admitted just how numb she had felt to everything, but also scared that this was how she was going to be for the rest of her life. The supplements did nothing for her weight, which continued to increase, and some of the other physical symptoms, but we were now clinging to the information that we knew she could lose the weight, and that now she could also be better emotionally and mentally with higher energy levels – we just had to figure out what was stopping her from having all of these things at the same time.

In May 2020, the microbiome mapping results came back, and we were surprised to find that our daughter an extreme level of a parasite in her system, called Blastocystis hominis, as well as an overgrowth of Rhodotorula fungi and a couple of other opportunistic bacterial overgrowths. The functional doctor immediately put her on a parasite/bacterial/yeast eradication protocol that was to be for two months, and then we were supposed to follow that with 6 months of a rejuvenation program.

When our daughter found out it was a parasite that was making her sick, she was absolutely ecstatic. She had loved ballet her whole life, but thought it was ballet making her sick so had been pushing it away which had been hurting her emotionally – it hurt her to think that the thing she loved the most was hurting her. Now that she knew it was instead a parasite making her sick, she felt she could allow herself to love ballet again. While waiting for the herbal remedies for the eradication protocol, we started to research the parasite, and started to become very concerned at just how difficult it was to get rid of it, and the devastating symptoms/damage that it could do.

Looking at other protocols that were used to get rid of this particular parasite, the remedies weren’t the same as the ones prescribed by our functional doctor, so we questioned if these particular remedies had been used for this parasite before and if they were successful. We were assured that these remedies had been used and were definitely successful.

Failed Treatments and Inconclusive Diagnoses

Our daughter started on Australian Oil of Oregano, 6 capsules a day totalling 900mg of essential oil each day, as well as 6 capsules of a GI-Microbe remedy for worms. After a week she noticed she had a very itchy bottom and a sore stomach. Our GP doctor wanted to check for PCOS because of the lack of menstrual period and her hair falling out, so our daughter had a pelvic ultrasound 6 days after starting the Oil of Oregano. The sonographer couldn’t see anything in the ultrasound because of the amount of gas (it looked like billowing black clouds on the screen), so after a lot of discussion due to our daughter’s age, she had an internal ultrasound. The sonographer was surprised that it was still hard to see anything due to the amount of gas, so could only see one ovary and a small piece of her uterus, which the sonographer said looked good and didn’t indicate there was PCOS.

During the following week our daughter’s stomach pain became more intense, and her weight was skyrocketing. We started to get very concerned at her escalating reactions but kept being reassured by the functional doctor that this was normal. After 20 days of being on the Oil of Oregano we decided to take our daughter off all of the supplements as we felt they were just making her worse. All of the literature on the parasite Blastocystis advises that you need to wait 8 weeks before doing PCR stool testing to see if the parasite has been eradicated or not. We are currently waiting until 10 August 2020 at the earliest to be able to test to see if the parasite is gone. Since this Oregano treatment, her stools are now every day and better consistency (they were floating which we think is fat malabsorption issues?) and her menstrual period has returned. Her appetite has also reduced, and she isn’t craving carbs and sugar as she has now revealed she used to.

Since then our daughter’s weight has continued to increase at a rapid rate – in total from 27 January 2020 to 31 July 20202 she has gained 14.5kg/32lbs, with 10kg/22lbs being in the last 2.5 months. She can physically no longer do ballet, so she sits and watches in class instead. After joining a Facebook group for the parasite Blastocystis, we have been seeing a naturopath in Australia via Zoom who had the parasite themselves. We are currently waiting on a SIBO breath test results as the naturopath thinks our daughter also has SIBO. We spend all of our time trying to research all of our daughter’s symptoms, while watching her physically deteriorate. It has totally consumed our family.

Where We Are Now: Was It Thiamine All Along?

Our daughter is in a better mental/emotional space, but doesn’t physically recognise her body at all. Even our daughter’s orthodontist asked why she was so swollen in her face, especially the left side – but the doctors still don’t think there is anything wrong. Our daughter’s physiotherapist is too scared to touch her, as she is so swollen. We spend every day crying at some point. While researching SIBO symptoms, we came across a comment about Thiamine deficiency, so started to research and bought the book “Thiamine Deficiency Disease, Dysautonomia, and High Calorie Malnutrition”. Reading about the swelling of the face, and that it is fluid retention in the body was a revelation. But because of what happened with the Oil of Oregano, we are too scared to try doing something on our own and potentially making it worse, and the more we research, more of the other co-factors, we keep finding and things to be careful of. We have been to our GP doctor asking them to investigate if it could be beriberi, so they have started doing blood tests, but then we found in the appointment notes that the doctor still thinks our daughter looks well, so we are disappointed that it looks like they are not taking this potential diagnosis seriously.

Currently we’re waiting on Allithiamine and Lipothiamine to arrive from Australia, as we can’t purchase it here in New Zealand, but with Covid-19 there are huge delays in postage. We have started our daughter on 150mg of Benfotiamine (even that was extremely difficult to find in New Zealand) but at this stage we are hesitant to just ramp up the dosage to see instant results. We took our daughter back to the chiropractor who now advises that her kidneys/bladder aren’t working properly, and also that her vagus nerve isn’t working either. Just this week, we have taken her to an acupuncturist to try and help with the fluid retention, and they’re concerned about her heart and liver and just how swollen she is. We have added in legumes to her diet to help with bile function/detoxification and her stools are now increasing and no longer floating. We are now wondering if maybe she was hypoglycaemic as well.

Reading the comments on the Thiamine Deficiency Facebook group, we should also be looking at potassium supplementation, but conversely you shouldn’t supplement with potassium if there is something wrong with your kidneys. With the doctors not believing us, alternative practitioners wanting to potentially only push their own agenda/supplements or not fully understanding the full consequences of their remedies, or not being able to find out what the root cause of the problem is, and the conflicting information all over the internet, we are completely lost/scared/petrified/confused and feel a huge pressure to fix our daughter and it feels like time is rapidly running out. The stress on us as parents is completely overwhelming, and financially we feel like we are throwing money at this ever-increasing problem and the money is fast running out. We feel that every day is getting worse than the day before, and our hope has faded to a tiny pinprick of light. Gathering all of the information together for the doctors/alternative practitioners/supplements/nutritionist plans/tests looks absolutely ludicrous, but when you’re in the thick of it you’re completely desperate to find anything that could potentially fix your child. Then when it doesn’t work, or it makes the symptoms worse, the guilt is huge.

We’re hoping that by publishing her story on Hormones Matter, others might look at our daughter’s case history, and confirm what is wrong, explain it to us so that it makes sense, and help us fix her in a safe way.

Current Diet and Supplements

Below is a snapshot of our daughter’s typical diet and supplement regime. Please note, the Benfotiamine was begun only recently.

Breakfast	Morning Tea	Lunch	Afternoon Tea	Dinner	Water/Teas and Remedies before bed
Douglas Labs Ultrazyme x 1	1 large gold kiwifruit	Douglas Labs Ultrazyme x 1	50gm Coconut Yoghurt	105gm Roast Beef	3 x Magnesium Citrate (Pure Encapsulations)
2 Egg Muffins – Bacon/Veg	2 teaspoon sunflower seeds	90gm tin pink salmon	with probiotics	0.5 cup roast pumpkin
2 Tablespoons Pumpkin Seeds	1 cup Almond Milk	1 cup green Kale/Pak Choi (homegrown)	10 almonds	0.5 cup broccoli
1 Tablespoon Apple Cider Vinegar	2 x Tran-Q	1 cup tomatoes	1 Apple	0.5 cup peas
2 Brazil Nuts		0.5 cup cucumber	2 x Tran-Q
1 scoop Orthoplex Gut Rx		0.5 cup grated carrot
1 X HPA Essentials Tablet		0.25 cup brown rice
** 1 x Doctors Best Benfotiamine 150		1 Tablespoon mashed Avocado
		1 teaspoon flaxseed oil
		1 tablespoon lemon juice
		1 X HPA Essentials
		1 scoop Orthoplex Gut Rx

** Benfotiamine was just recently added as of July 25, 2020.

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter.

Image by Dimitris Doukas from Pixabay.

This story was published originally on August 10, 2020.

Serotonin Syndrome and Thiamine: Is There a Connection?

by Derrick Lonsdale MD, FACN, CNS

Published on June 13, 2023

24300 views

Serotonin syndrome is described as a drug-related condition and is commonly believed to be rare. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, but its actions make it sound like a hormone. It is made in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal nerve complex. The symptoms of serotonin syndrome arise as a result of an over-abundance of its release from the nervous system into the blood and can be mild to severe, depending on the amount of serotonin in circulation. For normal function, serotonin is stored in a tiny cavity at the end of a nerve, known as a synaptosome and is released by passing through the membrane that surrounds the synaptosome, into the brain. The syndrome is caused by medications, either alone or in combination that increase serotonin levels, e.g. antidepressants, migraine medications, opioid pain medications, or illegal drugs. It is treated by the withdrawal of the causative drugs. There are multiple symptoms arising from an excess of serotonin in the brain and there are also symptoms arising from a deficiency. It is perhaps the prime example of the importance of moderation in everything.

Too Much or Too Little Serotonin

Just as excess serotonin is linked with a variety of symptoms, including: shivering, diarrhea, irritability and/or restlessness, confusion, increased heart rate, high blood pressure, dilated pupils, twitching muscles, muscle rigidity, excessive sweating, headache, tremors, goose bumps, hallucinations, and in more severe cases, unresponsiveness, high fever, seizures, irregular heartbeat, unconsciousness or coma, too little serotonin may be linked to mood disturbances. Deficiency is associated with several psychological symptoms, such as anxiety, depressed mood, aggression, irritability, low energy and low self-esteem. It can cause carbohydrate craving, weight gain, fatigue and nausea, but also, digestive or gastrointestinal motility problems such as irritable bowel syndrome and constipation. It is also a key neurotransmitter in the sleep cycle and is an essential brain chemical.

Thiamine Deficiency and Serotonin

Since many of the posts on this website discuss the problem of symptoms that are frequently associated with deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine), I turned to the literature to see if there was any connection between this deficiency and the role of serotonin. I found two important studies that demonstrate the critical role of this vitamin and its association with serotonin. In the first study, researchers explored the role of thiamine deficiency in synaptic transmission, the high affinity uptake and release systems for neurotransmitters using synaptosomal preparations isolated from different parts of the brain in thiamine deficient rats. There was significant decrease in the uptake of serotonin by the synaptosomal preparations of the cerebellum. The administration of the vitamin in vivo resulted in a significant reversibility of the inhibition of serotonin uptake, coinciding with dramatic clinical improvement. The study supports the possibility of an important innervation of the cerebellum by serotonin and suggests a selective involvement of this system in the pathogenesis of some of the neurologic manifestations of thiamine deficiency.

The negative societal impacts associated with the increasing prevalence of violence and aggression needs to be understood. In the second study, researchers investigated the role thiamine using a mouse model of aggression. Ultrasound aggression in mice was induced and the molecular and cellular changes were studied. They found that the ultrasound-induced effects were ameliorated by treatment with thiamine and benfotiamine, both of which were able to reverse the ultrasound-induced molecular changes.

The clinical effects of both deficiency and excess of serotonin are all well described online. The deficiency symptoms described are exactly those associated with beriberi, the vitamin B1 deficiency disease. Serotonin cannot cross the blood brain barrier. Therefore, it must be produced separately in the brain and the gastrointestinal system. Its association with thiamine in the bowel amply reinforces the mystery of gastrointestinal beriberi.

The many posts on thiamine deficiency in Hormones Matter suggests that a mild deficiency of thiamine is responsible for the large number of the polysymptomatic illnesses reported. High calorie malnutrition is a common cause by its increase in the calorie/thiamine ratio. The relationship with drugs is another matter. Although the mechanism of an excess of circulating serotonin is described as the drug-related cause of this syndrome, I could not help but notice that I have seen some of these symptoms corrected by the use of megadose thiamine. For example, excessive sweating, dilated pupils, increased heart rate and “goose bumps” are all caused by increased activity in the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. Thiamine deficiency is a prime cause of imbalance in this system. Certain therapeutic drugs used in medical practice may trigger mitochondrial toxicity leading to a wide range of clinical symptoms and even a compromise of the patient’s life. Contemplating this made me wonder whether the vitamin might have an important bearing on maintaining serotonin in its median state of concentration, because of its vital role in energy metabolism.

Serotonin and COVID-19

Since it has been claimed that Americans consume a high calorie diet, it is important to stress the imbalance which is commonly high in carbohydrate and fat. Serotonin is synthesized from tryptophan, an amino acid that is found in first-class protein and is an essential component of the human diet. It plays a part in many metabolic functions including the synthesis of serotonin and melatonin. Supplementation of this amino acid is considered in the treatment of depression and sleep disorders. It is also used in helping to resolve cognitive disorders, anxiety, or even neurodegenerative diseases. Reduced secretion of serotonin is associated with autism spectrum disorder, obesity, anorexia and bulimia nervosa, as well as other diseases presenting with a variety of symptoms.

It has been hypothesized that aging occurs because of failure of the pineal gland to produce melatonin from serotonin. Evidence has been presented for a role of melatonin and serotonin in controlling the neuroendocrine and immune networks inhibiting the development of ischemic heart and Alzheimer’s disease, tumor formation and other degenerative processes associated with aging. However, a more modern concept for aging is that the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species is a major determinant of lifespan.

One important feature of Covid 19 pathophysiology is the activation of immune cells, with consequent massive production and release of inflammatory mediators that may cause impairment of several organ functions including the brain. In addition to its classical role as a neurotransmitter, serotonin has immunomodulatory properties, down regulating the inflammatory response by central and peripheral mechanisms. Although the interferon system is the first line of defense against viral infection in mammals, almost all viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade the interferon system by partially blocking their synthesis or action.

The Case for Thiamine Supplementation in COVID 19

Thiamine is an essential cofactor for four enzymes involved in the production of energy (ATP) and the synthesis of essential cellular molecules. The total body stores of the vitamin are relatively small and its deficiency can develop in patients secondary to inadequate nutrition, alcohol use disorders, increased urinary excretion and acute metabolic stress. Patients with sepsis are frequently thiamine deficient and patients undergoing surgical procedures can develop the deficiency. It can lead to congestive heart failure, peripheral neuropathy, Wernicke disease and gastrointestinal beriberi. It can result in the development of intensive care unit complications such as heart failure, delirium, critical care neuropathy, gastrointestinal dysfunction and unexplained lactic acidosis. Consequently clinicians need to consider thiamine deficiency in patients admitted to intensive care units and the development of this deficiency during the management of critically ill patients. Intravenous thiamine can correct lactic acidosis, improve cardiac function and treat delirium, without there being any possibility of toxicity. The many symptoms developed in Covid 19 patients are interpreted as a direct effect of the virus, whereas the evidence written in this post strongly suggests that deficiency or excess of serotonin are responsible and that intravenous thiamine could be given with impunity in the emergency room. The persistence of thiamine deficiency following the cessation of the acute phase of the disease would explain the long term symptoms that have been described, following what is generally accepted as recovery.

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter.

Image by Tumisu from Pixabay.

An Artist’s Decades Long Dysautonomia Treated With Thiamine

by Lynne Campbell

Published on June 12, 2023

35703 views

Here is the story of my longstanding thiamine deficiency, which was not recognized by doctors. I am 54 years old and have had health issues most of my life.

Early and Prominent Orthostatic Hypotension Missed for Decades

Around the age of 10 or so, I began blacking out upon standing. It never led to syncope — just a brief dizziness and loss of vision. A particular church practice at school caused me to black out often. Lots of kneeling and rising — a great challenge for what would be later diagnosed as orthostatic hypotension. I sometimes had to be led out of church by a fellow student and taken to the school nurse. A friend reported to me that on those occasions, as I was being led out, even my lips were white.

In my teenage years, another challenge was orthostatic intolerance. I would get dizzy and feel light-headed if made to stand a long time. Hot, crowded buses were a particular nemesis: I would black out and feel on the brink of fainting. It was mortifying to be an 18 year old who had to request someone older give up their seat to me because I felt faint. I used to pray before I got on a bus.

During these years, heart palpitations were also a constant issue. It was a way of life for me — my “normal.” I didn’t find out until years later that not everyone experienced violent heart pounding upon climbing a set of stairs. Abnormal sweating was a problem, too — I sweated profusely from the underarms, but nowhere else. Exercise would make my face red and hot — I would get terribly overheated and feel unwell, because my body wasn’t able to sweat and cool itself.

All of these things point to a malfunction of the autonomic nervous system, but I didn’t know that then, and no doctor seemed to put it together, either.

The lower part of the brain, the brainstem, controls the autonomic nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system regulates the most basic aspects of living: heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, sweating, hunger and thirst, fight or flight response, etc. It requires thiamine to function properly.

I was also a good deal underweight and never had as much energy as others. I was terrible at sports and was weakly but did well academically and with art.

Mitral Valve Prolapse, Tachycardia and Heart Palpitations: Signs of Dysautonomia

During art school and afterwards, I waited tables to support myself, as well as worked at school to help pay my tuition. The output of energy this required would prove too much for someone deficient in thiamine. Thiamine plays a fundamental role in energy metabolism, so a deficiency is consequential. My schedule overwhelmed me — I dropped out after my second year. (I eventually went back three years later to complete my degree — this is just one example of how chronic fatigue affected the trajectory of my life.)

Somewhere in those years, I was diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse. I remember being astonished that the diagnosis had been missed all these years. I was told it was something I had been born with, so it was surprising that no one had noticed it until I was 22. I now know that mitral valve prolapse is associated with defective functioning of the autonomic nervous system, that I likely had *not* been born with it, and that this instead was yet another sign of my malfunctioning autonomic nervous system. Mitral valve prolapse is also associated with magnesium deficiency. The pieces of the puzzle were all there — they just needed someone who understood how they fit together.

It was a relief to be out of school and to be able to rest, but my undiagnosed thiamine deficiency continued to affect me. Palpitations and tachycardia were an exhausting way of life. I became good at avoiding things that would exacerbate that, but things I couldn’t avoid — like oral presentations in a literature class I was taking — would so exhaust me as to render me incapacitated the next day. The intellectual rigor of it thrilled me, however. Life continued like that — avoiding many things that a healthy person would be capable of, in order to preserve energy, while making exceptions for certain things I loved — but paying for that with crushing fatigue.

A busy night of waiting tables was now capable of doing me in so much that I couldn’t get out of bed for hours the next day. My description of how I felt at the time was like a broken stick. I later learned that severe thiamine deficiency is called beriberi, which translates to “I can’t, I can’t.” My heart symptoms also became more complex: palpitations and tachycardia, as always, but now chest pain and an occasional flutter, too. I saw a doctor, who recommended I get an echocardiogram. I didn’t have health insurance, so that wasn’t possible.

Decades Later: Debilitating Fatigue and Arrhythmia

I went many years without medical care. At age 44 my symptoms worsened — the fatigue was debilitating and I was now experiencing an arrhythmia. I was able to teach one day a week in an art school, but the energy it required made me incapacitated the next day.

I was also told by a doctor that I should be evaluated for Marfan syndrome, a connective tissue disorder. I twice landed in the ER due to chest pain and a new arrhythmia while waiting for my appointments with genetics and cardiology. When I finally saw the geneticist, I got great news: I did not have Marfan syndrome. I was clinically diagnosed with a related but less serious connective tissue disorder: MASS phenotype, an acronym for Mitral valve prolapse, Aortic enlargement, Skeletal and Skin findings. Though I was relieved by the news, I was also perplexed: why did I feel so awful and fatigued all the time?

My cardiologist had me wear a 30-day Holter monitor, which resulted in him diagnosing me with dysautonomia. Orthostatic hypotension, and also sinus tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. His first intervention helped me more than any other — he recommended at least 32 ounces of an electrolyte drink daily, along with 500 mg of magnesium. I felt elated — the particular elation of someone long sick who finally feels better. After a while, however, it wasn’t enough, and he prescribed fludrocortisone (florinef). That made my feet swell so awfully that I developed blisters and couldn’t walk.

The cardiologist referred me to an electrophysiologist for my arrhythmia. That cardiologist put me on a beta-blocker. That also caused some milder foot and ankle swelling, but the relief it provided from decades-long tachycardia, palpitations, and an awful constant awareness of my heart was so welcome. It also reduced my PVCs. Again I felt hopeful and thought this might be the solution. It wasn’t. It temporarily and mercifully relieved some symptoms, but it did nothing to determine and address the true cause of my dysautonomia — which was thiamine deficiency. The beta-blocker eventually caused diarrhea. Because it didn’t happen at first, I didn’t associate it with the beta-blocker and neither did my doctors. The bout of diarrhea lasted 5 months. When I finally decided to quit the beta-blocker, the diarrhea ceased.

In the meantime, I was also dealing with a whole array of other issues: GI distress; food intolerances; peripheral vascular insufficiency (which led me to an unsuccessful and unnecessary surgery); chilblains; costochondritis; debilitating menstrual pain; and ever-looming, crushing fatigue.

Hypovolemia and Undiagnosed Thiamine Deficiency Almost Killed Me

At my lowest health point, my undiagnosed thiamine deficiency nearly killed me (via low BP and hypovolemia). I was at a lab getting a slew of blood tests ordered by my immunologist. I had requested that I be permitted to lie down for the blood draw, because I sometimes passed out otherwise. There was no room available for me, so the technician asked if I thought I could manage sitting up. I should have said no: big mistake on my part. I was sitting up in a chair with a kind of shelf clamped across me. I closed my eyes for the blood draw, and after just a short time felt the unmistakable onset of blacking out. I started to lose my vision and asked the technician to unclamp me from that chair so I could put my head between my knees. She seemed to have no grasp of basic medical knowledge, because she refused, saying she didn’t want my head down and to instead try to “stay with her”. I was unable to free myself because I could no longer see. Then I lost my hearing, and that’s all I remember. I fainted. Thank goodness my husband was there in the waiting room. They called an ambulance and then called my husband back to see me. He said I looked terrifying. Completely white, with white lips, and two techs trying to call me to. He told them they needed to put me flat on the floor. Inexplicably, they wouldn’t let him. He acted quickly and dragged a big box across the room and put my feet up on it. That made me come to. For a long time, I had cuts missing from my vision. I later asked my cardiologist if I would have had a stroke if my husband hadn’t intervened. The cardiologist was angry at what had happened and told me not only would I have had a stroke, I would have died.

Putting the Pieces Together: It Was Thiamine All Along

Like all chronically-ill patients, I had to rely on my own research to try to figure out how to improve my health. I first managed to help myself with some orthomolecular interventions. High-dose vitamin c was life-changing. After starting that and taking steps to support methylation, I was finally able to put on weight and muscle. By the age of 51, I was no longer underweight for the first time since early childhood. And I managed to raise my chronically low BP a bit. Fatigue was still overwhelming but then, gratefully, I came upon the research of Dr. Derrick Lonsdale and Dr. Chandler Marrs. I learned about beriberi, thiamine deficiency, and its relation to dysautonomia. I recognized myself immediately.

I read everything I could on the subject before starting to supplement thiamine. Because I had been so long deficient, I knew to expect a paradoxical response. I also knew, per Dr. Lonsdale, that a paradoxical response was a good indication that thiamine might help me. And it has. It has helped me immensely.

I started with thiamine HCL, 10 mg. Even that tiny dose gave me a paradoxical response. My fatigue became even worse, as did my heart issues — terrible palpitations and much more frequent arrhythmia. My ankles were more swollen than they had ever been. I felt shaky, tired, horribly fatigued. It was difficult and lasted about 2 months. Initiating thiamine supplementation in a patient long deficient causes a kind of refeeding syndrome. I continued titrating up my dose, very slowly, while taking supporting co-factors like magnesium and potassium and a b-complex.

Gains Made With Thiamine

Increased energy in general
Increased exercise tolerance
Raised BP by over 20 systolic points: huge gain for me. I am now regularly around 110/70. If I get exhausted by physical activity and/or stress, it drops again. (For years, my BP was around 79/56)
Heart rate normalized
Arrhythmia almost non-existent
No more heart palpitations after eating
Got rid of the constant awareness of my heart
Now able to walk rapidly
My ankles are rarely swollen now. They used to be swollen every day, particularly if I was active that day.
After 8 years, I no longer need to keep my feet elevated when sitting (cardiologist’s recommendation to counteract swollen ankles).
I am able to maintain mental clarity even after active or stressful events. Until very recently, I could not think clearly after a day of teaching — used to have to ask my husband to speak slowly and break down complex ideas into simple ones after I taught, because my fatigue affected my cognition. That’s gone now.
I very rarely get headaches at base of head (used to be almost daily)
No more costochondritis. This used to be a regular, painful complaint of mine. I was astonished to learn that costochondritis is caused by thiamine deficiency, especially since costochondritis is a common complaint in those who suffer connective tissue disorders.
I sleep through the night now, even if I was active that day. Until recently, if I was active — and in my limited-energy world, active might mean as little as attending a party — I would have great trouble falling asleep, and then I would awaken in the night after 4 hours of sleep and be awake at least 1 to 2 hours. That’s gone, and good riddance.
No more debilitating menstrual periods. I suffered enormous pain with my period for over 35 years. Thiamine treats primary dysmenorrhea.
Joint pain relief
No more stuffy nose at night when I’m exhausted
I wake up singing. I report this not as an indication of mood so much as an indication of energy — I simply never possessed the energy required to sing, at least not in the morning.
I wake up early now. Completely new.
I’m remembering my dreams again! (Couldn’t recall them for at least the past 5 years).
I rarely experience the dreaded “jelly legs”.
I am no longer cold all the time.
I now am able to sweat more normally.
Increased my left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) from 55 to 65 percent. Thiamine has been shown to improve EF in heart failure patients, and though I was never in heart failure, this is the first ever increase of my EF in 10 years, and it appeared after I began thiamine, so I suspect it’s related.

One thing that hasn’t gotten better yet is abdominal bloating. Hoping that improves eventually. I have low stomach acid and am working on that. And I still tire much easier than a normal person, but I’m so much better than I was, and I hope to continue improving.

Final Thoughts

My symptoms started at about the age of 10, which is the age I was when a dentist placed 10 large amalgam (mercury) fillings. A few years later, I got 5 more. Mercury causes vitamin and mineral derangement. (I have since gotten most of my amalgam fillings removed by a SMART dentist using a procedure to minimize mercury exposure.) There are indications that a thiamine deficiency heightens susceptibility to mercury toxicity. Many of the symptoms of mercury poisoning are observed in persons with thiamine deficiency. Additionally, there is a metabolic component to connective tissue disorders that most doctors do not recognize. Along with being diagnosed by a geneticist with MASS phenotype, another doctor (rheumatologist) diagnosed me with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Being diagnosed with both, even if not correct, has given me access to both cohorts of connective tissue patients, through online support groups. Most suffer from dysautonomia and have accepted this as genetic fate rather than something that can be improved through vitamin therapy. There is a great need to get the word out on thiamine and vitamin therapy to the chronic illness community.

I am deeply indebted to Drs. Lonsdale and Marrs for their research. It is giving me my life back.

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter.

Image: Original painting by the author.

This article was published originally on April 19, 2021.

Post Lupron Mitochondrial Collapse: A Case Story

by Derrick Lonsdale MD, FACN, CNS

Published on April 3, 2023

5510 views

Dr. Marrs and I became aware of the symptoms and some of the laboratory results in a 38 year old woman. We wish to describe the case because it represents what should be an entirely new approach to medicine in general.

Before Lupron

The patient had been an active 38-year-old woman caring for her home and two children, ages 7 and 9 that were her focus, prior to Lupron. She had walked her dog daily, worked out at the gym twice a week and she had renovated her home in the summer of 2017. She had had her gallbladder removed in 2016, said to be because of a polyp. She had received allergy shots once a month for a couple of years. She took birth-control pills. Her history revealed that she had had a severe reaction to penicillin as a child, resulting in a rash and joint swelling causing inability to walk for a short time. She also had a history of frequent sinus infections and antibiotic treatment. In 2017, she began experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding and hysterectomy was recommended. She refused this and a second doctor recommended Lupron in an attempt to change her hormonal balance before hysterectomy.

After Lupron

She had received an injection of Lupron into her left hip and side effects, beginning within a few days, included:

Fatigue
Skin redness
Severe weakness in the legs, and tingling in the left side of the head and right leg.
A few days later she developed severe headaches and vomiting.

An initial estradiol patch caused no improvement, so another one at double the dose was prescribed with some improvement (presumably in menses). By November 2017 the patches were discontinued. She began to experience

Joint pain
Pain throughout her body
Nervousness
Shaking
Panic attacks
Changes in personality.
In December she experienced cyclic vomiting and weight loss.

The estrogen patches were prescribed again. She saw an endocrinologist and some laboratory tests were abnormal, including what was described as a borderline high blood glucose.

These symptoms continued and in February 2018, three drugs were prescribed (Celexa, Neurontin, Ambien). They were discontinued two weeks later because there was no relief of symptoms.

In March, she experienced severe fatigue and had episodes of difficulty in walking which were intermittent and described as “almost like being paralyzed”.

In April, she saw a geneticist and some lab tests were performed that I will comment on shortly. A diagnosis of fibromyalgia and possible chronic fatigue syndrome were each entertained. The endocrinologist said that test results indicated that she was not producing estrogen or progesterone.

Based upon conversations with us, she began supplements of thiamine, fish oil, alpha lipoic acid, B complex, folinic acid, ferrous sulfate and methyl B12. Estradiol patches were resumed. We suggested the use of intravenous water-soluble vitamins, since Dr. Marrs and I agreed that giving the nutrients by mouth probably could not reach the necessary concentration of vitamin therapy needed. This was not followed through on by her current physician.

Discussion of Symptoms and Side Effects

The patient’s medical history indicated that she had experienced many different symptoms throughout her life. These included a severe reaction from penicillin and multiple sinus infections. The side effects from Lupron were fatigue, leg weakness, headaches, general body pain, panic attacks and cyclic vomiting. In other words, she had been a classic “problem patient” to her physicians. Since the symptoms could not be defined by usual and customary laboratory evidence the general conclusion was repeatedly that this was evidence of psychosomatic disease. Curiously, this common diagnosis in modern medical circles appears to be that the patient is thought of as inventing her symptoms neurotically without ever considering an underlying mechanism. Even worse, polysymptomatic disease of this nature is usually experienced by the brightest and the best. This is because high intelligence is developed within a brain which is more energy consuming than that of a less intelligent person. Such individuals are much more prone to unforeseen stress events, making them more susceptible to side effects from medication and inoculations. A car engine uses more energy to climb a hill. Stresses that we meet in life are like “hills to be climbed” and involve a commensurate supply of energy.

Laboratory Results: Low Amino Acids, Vitamin Deficiency and Defective Energy Metabolism

Many tests were performed on this patient. Two amino acid tests were performed, one measuring the amino acids found in blood plasma, the other measuring those excreted in urine. A word of explanation is necessary. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins in the body and finding a given amino acid in very low or unusually high concentration can be used to define important aspects of body chemistry. Of 34 amino acids recorded in the plasma of this patient, aspartic acid, serine, ethanolamine, and tyrosine were severely decreased, while glutamine, histidine, alanine, ethanolamine and tyrosine were severely decreased in urine. All the others were in their expected normal concentration.

Amino acids are used in the body to create proteins, and this is an energy consuming mechanism. One of the deficient amino acids was aspartic acid whose metabolism is important in a mechanism known as transamination. The enzyme that carries out this function requires vitamin B6.

Two of them, ethanolamine and serine, play an important part in transmethylation, a mechanism that is dependent on folate and B12.

The fourth one was tyrosine and it is involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormone.

These low levels suggested that their respective vitamin dependent mechanisms were at fault. Since all the vitamins involved are water-soluble, it invited their administration by intravenous infusion. However, because they were energy dependent reactions, it is likely to construe the possibility that the underlying common fault was energy synthesis.

Was there any evidence from these laboratory results for defective energy metabolism? Yes.

Isocitric and citric acids were reported to be low in the urine and they are vital metabolites in the citric acid cycle, the “engine” of the cell. Also, there was a deficiency of pyruvic acid and this is the fuel that enables the citric acid cycle to function. This constituted strong evidence for energy deficiency with its major effect on the brain and nervous system.

Mitochondrial Energy Synthesis

Our bodies consist of 70 to 100 trillion cells that are being broken down and reconstructed throughout life. Relatively simple molecules are acted on by enzymes in a series of chemical reactions known by biochemists as “pathways”. Each enzyme requires a vitamin and/or essential mineral that assists the action of the enzyme and are known as cofactors to the enzyme. Several pathways reflect the synthesis of energy that is stored in the cell as ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a little like a battery that is being continuously charged and discharged and most of this occurs in the mitochondria. All the other pathways consume energy, either in enabling function or rebuilding cells. They might be compared loosely to the transmission in an automobile. In other words, the healthy body functions because energy synthesis meets energy demand. The abnormally low amino acids each could be used to suggest a defect in the energy consuming pathways and possibly a reflection of missing cofactors, making the “transmission” defective.

Vitamin Cofactors, Energy Deficiency, and Symptomology

The symptoms expressed by this unfortunate patient pointed strongly to cofactor deficiencies derived from diet that could easily be tested by their administration and clinical effect. The net effect is produced by a gap between energy synthesis and its utilization to meet the stresses of life in general. The administration of cofactors does not necessarily answer the underlying question because of the possibility of unknown genetically determined factors. However, it is safe, non-toxic, may have an epigenetic effect and is relatively cheap. It therefore should be the first approach. The greater the urgency or the severity of symptoms, the stronger the indication for intravenous administration of all the water-soluble vitamins. I have successfully treated many polysymptomatic patients this way, suggesting that mitochondrial function is as much an acquired disease as well as being genetically determined.

A Note About Oxidants and Antioxidants

Think of the body as a machine that consumes fuel by uniting it with oxygen to produce energy. This combination is called oxidation. Like a fire or any form of burning, it can be slow or fast and cellular oxidation seeks an intermediate level. If the oxidation is too slow, energy production is imperiled. If it is too fast or too vigorous, oxygen atoms are “thrown out” of the oxidation process like sparks are thrown out of a vigorously burning fire. These are referred to as “free oxygen radicals”. Like sparks from a fire, they can do damage. Some vitamins act to assist or accelerate oxidation, an example being B complex. They are known as oxidants. Others quench the free oxygen radicals (sparks) and are known as antioxidants. Vitamins C and E are examples.

Without going into the highly technical details, thiamine acts as an oxidant and an antioxidant, thus increasing its importance in metabolism. From this it is easy to see the essential importance of these substances that are obtained from naturally occurring foods and why their deficiency causes disease. Of course, we have known this for a long time, but current medical belief is fixed in the concept that “vitamin deficiency disease has been conquered and the resultant diseases are only of historical interest”. For example, this patient had “borderline high glucose”, something that would occur in the thiamine deficiency disease beriberi. She also had frequent “infections”, now known to be related to free oxygen radical production, indicating that her regulation of metabolism was extremely inefficient. The amino acids that were extremely low in the plasma and urine could be used to interpret the possibility of missing cofactors, reflecting a chaotic state of metabolism. I must end this by saying that the use of vitamins and minerals in this manner is not (repeat not) simple vitamin replacement. We believe that the vitamin/mineral combination used in high-doses is resuscitating the activity of the corresponding enzyme and it is therefore acting as a drug. Identifying the underlying biochemical lesion is the essential nature of future diagnosis.

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter.

Share Your Story

If you have a Lupron story to share, send us a note and we’ll help you put it together. For more information on Lupron, click here.

Image Credit: Image by Steve Buissinne from Pixabay

This article was published originally on July 25, 2018.

With Thiamine Paradox Symptoms Patience Is Key

by Jeff Mitchell

Published on March 22, 2023

30421 views

I wanted to share my experience going through thiamine paradox so that others may find hope as they navigate the process. In November of 2019, my life was completely flipped upside down. My full story is here, but briefly, I had taken an antibiotic called Tinidazole, the less popular but almost identical sister drug to Metronidazole. Within days of taking the antibiotic I began to experience frightening symptoms like loss of mobility in my hands, heart palpitations and intense feelings of depression and doom. Less than two weeks later, I went into surgery to get my wisdom teeth removed and was put on a course of penicillin for two weeks.

Within weeks, my health was in a total spiral. I began to experience constant bouts of tachycardia and panic, low blood sugar, dizziness, blurry vision and the inability to sleep. I went from somebody who sleeps 8 hours a night to sleeping for less than an hour on various nights. When sleep did come, I was jolted awake in a panic attack. At times, I was feeling symptoms that mimicked asthma…it was like I couldn’t breathe.

I had no idea what was going on. Multiple trips to the ER did nothing. I continued to get worse. It wasn’t until I traced back what drugs I had taken that I made my way to a Facebook group called “Metronidazole Toxicity Support Group.” It was in that group that I discovered that thousands of others were dealing with the same set of symptoms caused by this horrendously neurotoxic antibiotic. I had known for years that one should avoid fluoroquinolone antibiotics, but research has shown that metronidazole and others in its class present some of the same catastrophic side effects.

Through her own research and contact with Dr. Lonsdale and Dr. Marrs, the founder of the group discovered that metronidazole and other drugs in its class block thiamine in the body. The symptoms of the toxicity mimic those of Wernicke’s encephalopathy.

The solution? Take thiamine.

I thought it was going to be an easy fix. It wasn’t.

Like many posts on Hormones Matter, the topic of paradox frequently comes up, and I am the perfect case study.

In retrospect, I had longstanding symptoms of mild beriberi for a lot of my life. I was constantly dealing with low blood pressure and strange heart symptoms that date back to my teenage years. I grew up eating a typical American diet and started drinking large amounts of coffee in my teens. I loved sugar.

With longstanding thiamine deficiency, the human body changes its chemistry to adapt and survive. When thiamine is reintroduced and things get turned back, your body goes haywire until the chemistry can normalize.

For me, it took three attempts. Every time I would start even the tiniest dose of thiamine HCL, I would erupt in panic, tachycardia, feelings of “seizures” and doom and gloom, chest tightness and head pressure. It was akin to the feeling when somebody knows that they ingested way more marijuana than they should have. Sheer terror. When I took too much one time, I almost landed in the ER because I thought for sure that I was going into cardiac arrest.

My first attempt was in January 2020. I failed miserably and stopped because of the side effects. But I wasn’t getting better and my health continued to spiral. I tried again in March 2020 and made it for 2 weeks before dropping out again. I would crumble pills to get just a little thiamine HCL in my system and I would still feel like a total wreck.

Finally, on my third attempt in May 2020, I made it.

The solution is to start LOW and SLOW. I found a company in the UK that has a liquid form of thiamine HCL that allowed me to do this. I started with 10 mg per day and gradually increased by 10-20 mg over the course of many weeks. I also spread my dose out throughout the day. Dr. Lonsdale predicted the paradox will lift within a month, but for me, it took a bit longer. Within 8 weeks I began to notice that I could safely take a 100mg thiamine HCL pill without experiencing too many symptoms. It continued to get better with time.

Now, almost a year later, I’m taking 300-400mg of thiamine HCL a day and mixing in benfotiamine and allithiamine. In the last 6 months, my health has slowly started to trend upward. I’ve added in a B complex at times and I’m also working on my B12. The heart palpitations are significantly better, I’m less prone to panic attacks than I have been in years, and my brain fog has lifted. What I’m left with is some slight dizziness (though it is significantly better), blurry vision that waxes and wanes, and my blood sugar is still presenting some issues. Still, I feel like I’m trending in the right direction and that things continue to slowly improve.

My advice for those of you encountering paradox symptoms is this: BE PATIENT. It sucks. But the rewards on the other end are so worth it. I would also advise you to dramatically increase your potassium through food. This didn’t eliminate the paradox feelings entirely but it did help reduce them.

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter.

Photo by Aron Visuals on Unsplash.

This article was publish originally on January 26, 2021.

thiamine deficiency - Page 4

GI Motility and Thiamine

Malnutrition Induced Malnutrition

TTFD and Gut Motility

We Need Your Help

Related posts:

You might be interested in

Mom’s Health Marked by Asthma, Anxiety, Migraines, and a Difficult Pregnancy

Daughter’s Early Health Issues: Selective Mutism, Asthma, Concentration Issues

The Teenage Years: Continuous Migraine, More Medications, and No Answers

Increasing Weakness When Outdoors: Untangling Root Causes

Discovering Her POTS Symptoms

Introducing Thiamine and Other Micronutrients: Navigating the Paradox

Recovery from Multiple Nutrient Deficiencies and the Prospect of a Normal Life

We Need Your Help

Related posts:

You might be interested in

History Of Dietary Malnutrition

Memory, Gait, and Personality Changes

Rapid Decline With Hospitalization

A Few Days Before Hospitalization: Still Walking

After Hospitalization and Before IV Thiamine: Notice the Left Arm

Improvements With IV Thiamine

After First Thiamine IV: Moves Leg

After Second Thiamine IV: Moves Left Arm

After A Few Weeks of High Dose Oral: Moving From Car to Wheelchair

Is it CJD or Thiamine and B12 Deficiency or Both?

We Need Your Help

Related posts:

You might be interested in

A Concussion, an Infection and the Slow Spiral of Declining Health

Declining Metabolic Function and Weight Gain

Hair Loss, Pale Skin, and Skyrocketing Weight

Low Metabolic Rate, Low Estradiol, Yeast and Bacterial Overgrowth, Constipation and Parasites

Failed Treatments and Inconclusive Diagnoses

Where We Are Now: Was It Thiamine All Along?

Current Diet and Supplements

We Need Your Help

Related posts:

You might be interested in

Too Much or Too Little Serotonin

Thiamine Deficiency and Serotonin

Serotonin and COVID-19

The Case for Thiamine Supplementation in COVID 19

We Need Your Help

Related posts:

You might be interested in

Early and Prominent Orthostatic Hypotension Missed for Decades

Mitral Valve Prolapse, Tachycardia and Heart Palpitations: Signs of Dysautonomia

Decades Later: Debilitating Fatigue and Arrhythmia

Hypovolemia and Undiagnosed Thiamine Deficiency Almost Killed Me

Putting the Pieces Together: It Was Thiamine All Along

Gains Made With Thiamine

Final Thoughts

We Need Your Help

Related posts:

You might be interested in

Before Lupron

After Lupron

Discussion of Symptoms and Side Effects

Laboratory Results: Low Amino Acids, Vitamin Deficiency and Defective Energy Metabolism

Mitochondrial Energy Synthesis

Vitamin Cofactors, Energy Deficiency, and Symptomology

A Note About Oxidants and Antioxidants

We Need Your Help

Share Your Story

Related posts:

You might be interested in

We Need Your Help

Related posts:

You might be interested in